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CT > Ch.2 > Flashcards

Ch.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal plane

A

•divides body into left and right portions

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2
Q

Coronal plane

A

•separates the body anterior and posterior portions

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3
Q

Axial (transverse) plane

A

•divides the body into superior and inferior portions

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4
Q

Hounsfield Unit

A

•the attenuating properties or density of each tissue

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5
Q

HU value of water

A

• 0

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6
Q

Systolic blood pressure

A
  • pressure within arteries during cardiac contraction

* should be less than 120mm Hg

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7
Q

Diastolic pressure

A
  • relaxation of the heart

* should be less than 80 mm Hg

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8
Q

Optimal Bpm for imaging

A

•65 bpm

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9
Q

BUN

A

•7-25Mg/dL

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10
Q

Creatinine

A

•0.5-1.5mg/dL

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11
Q

GFR

A
  • most accurate measure of renal function

* measures the rate by which creatinine is filtered from the blood stream

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12
Q

D-dimer

A

•utilized for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

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13
Q

Coumadin

A
  • generic drug Warfarin
  • anticoagulant
  • prevents blood clots in veins and arteries
  • reduces heart attacks and strokes
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14
Q

Metformin

A
  • aka glucaphage
  • treats type 2 diabetes
  • pt should withhold medication for 48 hours following the exam
  • because of the risk of renal impairment, reduced renal function, and harmful retention of metformin
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15
Q

22 Gauge angio catheters

A

•sufficient for flow rates up to 3mL/sec.

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16
Q

20 Gauge or larger angio catheters

A

•should be utilized whenever flow rates exceed 3mL/sec.

17
Q

Removing air from the power injector

A
  • prevents air embolism
  • proper “bleeding” eliminates air
  • injector should remain in a downward position
18
Q

Advantages of flushing saline after administration of contrast

A
  • reduction of contrast dose

* helps eliminate streaking artifact

19
Q

Disadvantages of power injectors

A

•increase risk of extravasation

20
Q

Event of extravasation

A

•the needle/catheter should be removed and pressure applied with a warm moist compress.

21
Q

Contrast media and CT why

A

•an effort to increase contrast between multitude of anatomical structures and pathological conditions whose densities are too similar to be separated

22
Q

Positive contrast media

A
  • RCM Radiopaque contrast media

* iodine/barium

23
Q

Contrast enhancements of vasculature greatly aids in

A
  • visualization of blood vessels

* aids in diagnosing aneurysms, thrombus, and stenosis

24
Q

What contrast agent are less likely to produce adverse side effects/reactions

A

•non-ionic(low salt) and low-osmolar contrast

25
Q

Routine transit for barium sulfate through the GI tract

A

•30-90min

26
Q

Consideration in the choice of barium sulfate

A
  • barium may not be used in cases of suspected perforation may be toxic to the peritoneum
  • barium should not be used for pt who will undergo surgery
  • barium is harmful if aspirated
27
Q

Consideration in the choice of water-soluble

A
  • less GI distress

* contraindicated if pt is allergic to iodine

28
Q

Intrathecal administration

A
  • injection directly into the space surrounding the spinal cord
  • evaluate nerve roots and spinal cord
29
Q

Iodine injection and breast milk

A

•typically instructed to discard Brewster milk for 24 hours after contrast agent

30
Q

Mild reactions to iodine

A
  • nausea/vomiting
  • mild urticaria (hives)
  • sweats/chills
  • anxiety
  • requires no treatment just reassurance
31
Q

Moderate reactions to iodine include

A
  • mild bronchospasm
  • moderate/severe urticaria
  • vasovagal response
  • tachycardia from hypotension
32
Q

Treatment for bronchospasm

A

•inhaler/oxygen therapy

33
Q

Treatment for urticaria

A

•diphenhydramine (benadryl)

34
Q

Treatment for hypotension vasovagal

A

•elevation of legs and I’ve fluids for hypotension

35
Q

Iodine is generally indicated for

A
  • vascular abnormalities
  • inflammation
  • suspected neoplasm

CT (3 decks)

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