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Question 1

What is a stressor?

Answer 1

Mental states or events that trigger physical and psychological reactions

Stressors can be external events or internal thoughts.

Question 2

What is the stress response?

Answer 2

The reactions themselves to stressors

This includes both physical and psychological responses.

Question 3

Which two systems in the body are responsible for the physical response to stress?

Answer 3

• Nervous system
• Endocrine system

Question 4

What does the nervous system consist of?

Answer 4

The brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Question 5

What type of stress does the nervous system handle?

Answer 5

Very short-term stress

Question 6

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 6

Part of the nervous system not under conscious supervision

Question 7

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 7

• Parasympathetic division
• Sympathetic division

Question 8

What is the function of the parasympathetic division?

Answer 8

Aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth

Question 9

What happens during the sympathetic division’s stimulated state?

Answer 9

Experiencing severe pain, anger, or fear

Question 10

What triggers the endocrine system during stress?

Answer 10

The sympathetic nervous system

Question 11

What do the adrenal glands release during stress?

Answer 11

• Cortisol
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 12

What physiological changes occur during the fight-or-flight reaction?

Answer 12

• Heart rate and respiration accelerate
• Hearing and vision become more acute
• Liver releases extra sugar into the bloodstream
• Perspiration increases

Question 13

What is homeostasis?

Answer 13

The body’s normal state after a stressful situation ends

Question 14

How does cognitive appraisal influence stress responses?

Answer 14

It influences how a potential stressor is viewed

Question 15

What are effective behavioral responses to stress?

Answer 15

• Expressing emotion
• Learning new skills
• Exercising
• Meditating

Question 16

What are ineffective behavioral responses to stress?

Answer 16

• Overeating
• Using tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

Question 17

What is personality in the context of stress?

Answer 17

The sum of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional tendencies

Question 18

What are the four personality types related to stress?

Answer 18

• Type A: overcompetitive, aggressive
• Type B: relaxed, tolerant
• Type C: anger suppression, hopelessness
• Type D: anxiety, irritability

Question 19

What is hardiness in relation to stress?

Answer 19

A trait that allows people to cope more positively with stress

Question 20

What is resilience?

Answer 20

Traits associated with social and academic success in at-risk populations

Question 21

What is eustress?

Answer 21

Stress brought on by a pleasant stressor

Question 22

What is distress?

Answer 22

Stress brought on by an unpleasant stressor

Question 23

What are the stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

Answer 23

• Alarm
• Resistance
• Exhaustion

Question 24

What is allostatic load?

Answer 24

The long-term wear and tear of the stress response

Question 25

What is psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)?

Answer 25

The study of interactions among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems

Question 26

What health problems can stress contribute to?

Answer 26

* Cardiovascular disease * Psychological problems * Altered immune function

Question 27

What are the three categories of headaches linked to stress?

Answer 27

* Tension headaches * Migraine headaches * Cluster headaches

Question 28

What are common sources of stress?

Answer 28

* Major life changes * Daily hassles * College stressors * Time pressures

Question 29

What can improve job-related stress?

Answer 29

When workers can shape how their jobs are performed

Question 30

What are some techniques for managing stress?

Answer 30

* Shore up your support system * Volunteer * Improve communication * Develop healthy habits

Question 31

What is spiritual wellness associated with?

Answer 31

Greater coping skills and higher levels of overall wellness

Question 32

What are cognitive techniques for managing stress?

Answer 32

* Think constructively * Take control * Stay positive * Practice affirmations

Question 33

What is one body-awareness technique for stress management?

Answer 33

Yoga

Question 34

What are counterproductive coping strategies?

Answer 34

* Tobacco use * Alcohol and drug use * Unhealthy eating habits

Question 35

What are some sleep disorders?

Answer 35

* Insomnia * Restless leg syndrome * Sleep apnea

Question 36

What can inadequate sleep lead to?

Answer 36

Increased stress and multiple health risks

Question 37

What are some ways to improve sleep?

Answer 37

* Create a good sleep environment * Avoid substances that disrupt sleep * Treat conditions interfering with sleep

Question 38

What is the relationship between stress and health?

Answer 38

Stress can contribute to various health issues and affect overall well-being