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CHEMISTRY F5 > CH2 > Flashcards

CH2 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Carbon compounds

A

Compounds that contain carbon as their constituent element

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2
Q

Definition of Organic Compounds

A

Compounds originating from living things that containing Carbon element bonded covalently with other element

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3
Q

Definition of Inorganic compounds

A

Compounds originating from non-living materials such as oxides of carbon, carbonate compounds and cyanide compounds

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4
Q

Definition of Hydrocarbon

A

Organic compound that contain only Hydrogen and carbon

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5
Q

Definition of Non-Hydrocarbon

A

Organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen and other elements

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6
Q

Definition of Saturated Hydrocarbon

A

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms

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7
Q

Definition of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

A

Hydrocarbons that contains double or triple bonds between Carbon atoms

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8
Q

2 Main sources of Hydrocarbon

A

Petroleum
crude Oil

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9
Q

2 Stages of oil refining

A

Fractional distillation
cracking

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10
Q

Definition of fractional distillation

A

Seperation of fraction of hydrocarbons in petroleum at different temperature according to the size of the Hydrocarbons

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11
Q

Definition of Cracking (of Hydrocarbons)

A

Cracking of long chain Hydrocarbons into smaller molecules at high temperature using catalyst

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12
Q

Characteristics of Homologous series

A

Same General Formula
same functional group
same chemical properties
Consecutive member differ by 1 Carbon atom and 2 Hydrogen Atoms
Physical properties that gradually increase from one member to the next

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13
Q

General formula of Alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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14
Q

General formula of Alkene

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

General formula of Alkyne

A

CnH2n-2

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16
Q

General formula of Alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

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17
Q

General formula of Carboxylic Acid

A

CnH2+1COOH

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18
Q

General formula of Ester

A

CmH2m+1COOCnH2n+1

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19
Q

Functional group of alkane

A

Single bond between carbon atoms

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20
Q

Functional group of alkene

A

Double bond between carbon atoms

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21
Q

Functional group of alkyne

A

Triple bond between carbon atoms

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22
Q

Functional group of Alcohol

A

Hydroxyl

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23
Q

Functional group of Carboxylic Acid

A

carboxyl

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24
Q

Functional group of Ester

A

Carboxylate

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25
Q

Solubility of Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne in organic solvent

A

Soluble

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26
Q

Solubility of Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne in water

A

Insoluble

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27
Q

Electrical conductivity of Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne

A

Cannot conduct electricity in any states

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28
Q

Melting & Boiling point of Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne

A

increase as molecular size increase

29
Q

Density of Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne

A

Less dense than water

30
Q

Boiling point of alcohol & carboxylic acid

A

Low
Increase with increasing number of carbon atoms per molecule

31
Q

Physical state at room temperature of Carboxylic acid

A

First 9 exist as liquid

32
Q

Physical state at room temperature of Alcohol

A

First 11 exist as liquid

33
Q

Solubility of Methanol, Ethanol and Propanol in water

A

Miscible in water in all proportions

34
Q

Solubility of Methanoic, Ethanoic and Propanoic acid in water

A

Very soluble

35
Q

Factor that causes Alkanes to be unreactive

A

Strong C–C and C–H bond
Large amount of energy is required to break

36
Q

Products of complete combustion of Alkane

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water

37
Q

Products of incomplete combustion of Alkane

A

Carbon Monoxide
Water

OR

Carbon
Water

38
Q

Products of Substitution reaction between Alkane and Halogens under Sunlight or UV ray

A

Each Hydrogen atom in Alkane is replaced ONE BY ONE with a Halogen atom

39
Q

2 Chemical reaction of Alkane

A

Combustion
Reaction with halogens

40
Q

Rule of reaction of Alkane and Halogen

A

Under sunlight//UV ray

41
Q

Product of combustion of Alkene

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water

42
Q

Product of Hydrogenation of alkene

43
Q

Product of Halogenation of alkene

A

2 Halogen atoms is added to the double bond
Colour turns colourless

44
Q

Rules of Hydrogenation of alkene

A

Presence of catalyst
180C temperature

45
Q

Rule of Halogenation of alkene

A

Room temperature

46
Q

Product of addition of Hydrogen Halide of alkene

A

Haloalkene
(Bromoetehane, Chloropropane)

47
Q

Rules of addition of Hydrogen Halide of alkene

A

Room temperature

48
Q

Product of Hydration of alkene

49
Q

Rules of Hydration of alkene

A

Water as steam
300c
60atm
Phosphoric acid as catalyst

50
Q

Products of Oxidation with KMnO4 of Alkene

A

Purple turns colourless
2 Hydroxyl groups are added to double bond

51
Q

7 reaction of Alkene

A

Complete combustion
Hydrogenation
halogenation
addition with Hydrogen Halide
Addition With KMnO4
Hydration
addition polymerisation

52
Q

4 Similarities between Alkanes and alkenes

A

Hydrocarbons
Complete combustion produce CO2 and H2O
Same Physical properties
Number of carbon atoms are the same

53
Q

2 Method of Producing Ethanol

A

Fermentation of glucose // starch with presence of catalyst
Hydration of Ethene with presence of Catalyst

54
Q

Product of Ethanol fermentation

A

Ethanol
carbon dioxide

55
Q

3 Chemical reaction of alcohol

A

Combustion
Oxidation
Dehydration

56
Q

Products of complete combustion of Alcohol

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water

57
Q

Product of oxidation of alcohol

A

Carboxylic acid

58
Q

Products of dehydration of alcohol

59
Q

Procedur of dehydration of alcohol

A

Alcohol vapour is strongly heated by catalyst

60
Q

Characteristics of alkenes produced through dehydration of alcohol

A

Burn with yellow sooty flame
Decolourise bromine water & KMnO4

61
Q

4 Chemical reaction of Carboxylic Acid

A

With Base
with Metal Carbonate
with Metal
With alcohol

62
Q

Products of reaction between Carboxylic acid and base

A

Carboxylate salt
Water

63
Q

Products of reaction between Carboxylic acid and Metal Carbonate

A

Carboxylate salt
Water
Carbon DIoxide

64
Q

Products of reaction between Carboxylic acid and Metal

A

Carboxylate salt
Hydrogen

65
Q

Products of reaction between Carboxylic acid and alcohol

A

ester
water

66
Q

Rule of reaction between Carboxylic acid and alcohol

A

Presence of H2SO4

67
Q

5 Physical properties of Ester

A

Simple ester easily vapourise at room tem
Covalent compound
Sweet & fruity smell
Less dense than water
Simple ester are colourless liquids at room temperature

68
Q

Definition of Isomers

A

Molecules of the same molecular formula but different structural formula

69
Q

Brief procedure of preparing ester

A

Add glacial Carboxylic acid into pure alcohol
Add 5 drops of Sulphuric acid into the test tube
Heat the mixture gently until boils

CHEMISTRY F5 (2 decks)

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