Ch19: Descent with Modification Vocabulary

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

-“descent with modification”
-when a species accumulates differences over time from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time

Question 2

adaptation

Answer 2

inheritable characteristics of an organism that enhance likelihood of survival/reproduction in a specific area

Question 3

fossil

Answer 3

-remains or traces from past organisms
-found in sedimentary rock

Question 4

strata

Answer 4

layer of rock formed made up of sedimentary rock that is compromised of new layers on top of the older ones that compresses them

Question 5

paleontology

Answer 5

study of fossils

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

process in which individuals with certain inheritable traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those advantageous traits

Question 7

artificial selection

Answer 7

process in which humans selectively breed organisms that have desirable traits

Question 8

The Origin of Species

Answer 8

book Charles Darwin wrote

Question 9

homology

Answer 9

similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry

Question 10

homologous structures

Answer 10

structures in different species that are similar bc of common ancestry

Question 11

analogous structures

Answer 11

similar features share similar functions but NOT common ancestry

Question 12

vestigial structures

Answer 12

leftover structures that served a purpose to organism’s ancestors

Question 13

convergent evolution

Answer 13

distantly related organisms that share the same features

Question 14

biogeography

Answer 14

study of geographic distribution of species

Question 15

endemic

Answer 15

found nowhere else in the world