Ch.18

Question 1

1. What are the 3 factors that determine the solubility of gases?

Answer 1

Pressure gradient, temperature, solubility

Question 2

2.The movement of oxygen into the blood is dependant on the movement of carbon dioxide out of the blood; True (A) or False (B)

Answer 2

F

Question 3

4.The degree to which a material dissolves in water is called;

Answer 3

Solubility

Question 4

5.Gases always diffuse in what direction?

Answer 4

High concentration to low concentration

Question 5

6.Why does oxygen always diffuse out of the blood in the body tissues, but into the blood in the lungs?

Answer 5

High concentration to low concentrationc

Question 6

7.If too little oxygen is absorbed in the lungs, what condition results?

Answer 6

Hypoxia

Question 7

8.What are the 6 causes of hypoxia?

Answer 7

High altitude, decrease breathing, anemia, CO poisoning, CV, failure cynadine

Question 8

9.What term means an increase in the carbon dioxide level in the blood?

Answer 8

hypercapnia

Question 9

10.In what situation would hypoxia occur, but not hypercapnia?

Answer 9

Hight altituded and carbonmonxide

Question 10

11.How is the diffusion of carbon dioxide different from the diffusion of oxygen, in the same locations?

Answer 10

Oppiste directions

Question 11

12.What chemical(s) in the blood help prevent changes in blood pH?

Answer 11

Buffers

Question 12

13.What happens to carbon dioxide when it combines with water?

Answer 12

carbonic acid ( PH falls)

Question 13

14.Why doesn’t blood pH rise when carbon dioxide is present in the blood?

Answer 13

combines with water

Question 14

15.All diffusion across biological membranes occurs across a _______ surface.

Answer 14

Wet

Question 15

16.What two characteristics of most epithelial membranes (especially in the lungs and GI tract) help increase the rate of diffusion?

Answer 15

Large surface , thin membrane ( Fix’s law)

Question 16

17.What is a disease characterized by a degenerative loss of alveolar surface area?

Answer 16

Emphysema

Question 17

18.What process is reduced in a person with emphysema, due to decreased surface area?

Answer 17

diffusion of gases

Question 18

19.What is the most common cause of emphysema?

Answer 18

smoking

Question 19

20.What condition is due to scar tissue build-up in the lungs?

Answer 19

Fibrotic lung

Question 20

21.Why does Fibrotic lung decrease diffusion of gases?

Answer 20

increase distance

Question 21

22.What condition is characterized by excess ECF in alveolar cells?

Answer 21

pulmonary edema

Question 22

23.Why would pulmonary edema reduce gas diffusion?

Answer 22

Increase distance

Question 23

24.Asthma is characterized by;

Answer 23

bronchoconstiction

Question 24

25.Why does oxygen bind to hemoglobin in the lungs?

Answer 24

High concentration

Question 25

26.Most of the oxygen carried by the blood is found in the plasma; T/True (A) or False (B)

Answer 25

F

Question 26

27.How many oxygen molecules can attach to a single hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 26

4

Question 27

28.What increases as the number of binding sites on the hemoglobin fill with oxygen?

Answer 27

Saturation

Question 28

29.Blood is almost completely saturated with oxygen in alveolar arteries under normal conditions; True (A) or False (B)

Answer 28

T

Question 29

30.How much of the total oxygen that the blood carries is unloaded at a resting cell?

Answer 29

40 mmHg

Question 30

31.75% of oxygencapacity is _____ at normal ______

Answer 30

Reserve , activity