Ch.18 Flashcards
- What are the 3 factors that determine the solubility of gases?
Pressure gradient, temperature, solubility
2.The movement of oxygen into the blood is dependant on the movement of carbon dioxide out of the blood; True (A) or False (B)
F
4.The degree to which a material dissolves in water is called;
Solubility
5.Gases always diffuse in what direction?
High concentration to low concentration
6.Why does oxygen always diffuse out of the blood in the body tissues, but into the blood in the lungs?
High concentration to low concentrationc
7.If too little oxygen is absorbed in the lungs, what condition results?
Hypoxia
8.What are the 6 causes of hypoxia?
High altitude, decrease breathing, anemia, CO poisoning, CV, failure cynadine
9.What term means an increase in the carbon dioxide level in the blood?
hypercapnia
10.In what situation would hypoxia occur, but not hypercapnia?
Hight altituded and carbonmonxide
11.How is the diffusion of carbon dioxide different from the diffusion of oxygen, in the same locations?
Oppiste directions
12.What chemical(s) in the blood help prevent changes in blood pH?
Buffers
13.What happens to carbon dioxide when it combines with water?
carbonic acid ( PH falls)
14.Why doesn’t blood pH rise when carbon dioxide is present in the blood?
combines with water
15.All diffusion across biological membranes occurs across a _______ surface.
Wet
16.What two characteristics of most epithelial membranes (especially in the lungs and GI tract) help increase the rate of diffusion?
Large surface , thin membrane ( Fix’s law)
17.What is a disease characterized by a degenerative loss of alveolar surface area?
Emphysema
18.What process is reduced in a person with emphysema, due to decreased surface area?
diffusion of gases
19.What is the most common cause of emphysema?
smoking
20.What condition is due to scar tissue build-up in the lungs?
Fibrotic lung
21.Why does Fibrotic lung decrease diffusion of gases?
increase distance
22.What condition is characterized by excess ECF in alveolar cells?
pulmonary edema
23.Why would pulmonary edema reduce gas diffusion?
Increase distance
24.Asthma is characterized by;
bronchoconstiction
25.Why does oxygen bind to hemoglobin in the lungs?
High concentration
26.Most of the oxygen carried by the blood is found in the plasma; T/True (A) or False (B)
F
27.How many oxygen molecules can attach to a single hemoglobin molecule?
4
28.What increases as the number of binding sites on the hemoglobin fill with oxygen?
Saturation
29.Blood is almost completely saturated with oxygen in alveolar arteries under normal conditions; True (A) or False (B)
T
30.How much of the total oxygen that the blood carries is unloaded at a resting cell?
40 mmHg
31.75% of oxygencapacity is _____ at normal ______
Reserve , activity
