Ch18 Flashcards
What is the branch of pharmacology that deals with biological, biochemical, and economic features of the natural medications and their constituents? 18-1
Pharmacognosy
What is the science dealing with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of medication? 18-1
Pharmacology
What is the branch of pharmacology dealing with the preparation, dispensing, and proper use of medication? 18-1
Pharmacy
What is the study of the dosages of medicines and medications?18-1
Posology
What is the study of the action or effects of medications on living organisms? 18-1
Pharmacodynamics
What is the study of the uses of medications in the treatment of disease?18-1
Pharmacotherapeutics
What is the study of poisons, their actions, their detections, and the treatment of the conditions produced by them called?18-1
Toxicology
What is the science of treating diseases by any method that will relieve pain, treat or cure diseases and infections, or prolong life called?18-1
Therapeutics
What provides test of medications identity, quality, strengths, and purity? 18-1
USP-NF
What did the U.S Federal Food, Medication, and Cosmetics Act designate as the official ref. for medications marketed in the US?
USP-NF
What is the most widely used text/ref. in American pharmacies?
Remington: The science and Practice of Pharmacy
What is the amount of medication to be admin. referred as?
Dose
A therapeutic dose is calculated on an avg. adult male of 24 yrs who weighs approx. how many lbs?
150
What is the most common factor that influences the amount of medication to be given?
Age
What is the most common method of administering medication?
Oral
What type of medications are administered by placing the medications under the tongue?
Sublingual
What type of medications are administer by placing the medications between the tongue and cheek?
Buccal
What type of medications are introduced by injections?
Parental
What is the type of medication injected just below the skin’s cutaneous layers?
Subcutanous
What type of medications is injected within the dermis layer of the skin?
Intradermal
What type of medications is introduced directly into the vein?
IV
What is the process called by which a medication is converted into a fine spray by the use of compressed gas?
nebulization
How may important steps to follow are there when administering medication to a patient to prevent errors?
6
What is any chemical substance called that has an effect on living tissue but is not used as a food?
Medications
Medications are classified according to set criteria and fall into three specific areas: general, chemical and what else?
therapeutic
What are medications called that cause shrinkage of the skin and mucous membranes?
astringents
What are bland or fatty substances called that may be applied to the skin to make it more pliable and soft?
emollients
what are agents called that inhibit or suppress the act of coughing?
Antitussives
What can be used to reduce congestion and the swelling of mucous membranes?
nasal decongestants
What substance released by most cells distributed in connective tissues usually near blood vessels promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies such as asthma and hay fever?
histamine
What are used to counteract hyper acidity in the stomach?
antacids
normally oral medications should not be taken within how many hours of taking an antacid?
2
What suppress the growth of microorganisms?
antiseptics
What are agents called that are used to disinfect inanimate objects and are primarily germicidal in their actions?
disinfectants
What is the standard by which all other antiseptic, disinfectants, and germaicidal agents are measured in effectiveness?
Phenol
What were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be available in safe therapeutic dosage ranges?
Sultonamides
What is one of the most effective and least toxic of the antimicrobial agents?
Penicillins
What are a group of semi-synthetic derivatives of cephalosporin C called which is an antimicrobial agent of fungal origin?
Cephalosporin
In what year were Tretracyclines introduced which were the first truly broad-spectrum antibiotics?
1948
What are a group of medications that share chemical, antimicrobial, pharmacological, and toxic characteristics, and that are effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
aminoglycosides
What are antibiotics constituting a large group of bacteriostatic agents that inhibit protein synthesis known as?
macrolides
What type of medications facilitate the passafe and elimination of feces from the colon and the rectum
Laxatives
What are agents that increase the rate of urine formation called?
diuretics
What type of medications relieve pain without producing unconsciousness or impairing mental capacities?
non-narcotic analgesics
What are used to relieve or reduce fevers?
antipyritcs
What are mainly used as sedative-hypnotics, anticonvulsants, anesthetics for short anesthesea, and may be used in combination with analgesics to enhance their analgesic effect?
barbiturates (CNS depressant)
Tranquilizers and mood modifiers are the two primary group of what agents?
Psychotherapeutic agents
