Ch.17 Endocrine Flashcards
molecules that act as chemical messengers & bind to receptors on target cells to create metabolic response
hormone
cells that produce a product that goes into a duct
exocrine glands
cells that produce a hormone that is secreted into intersticious fluid then into blood
endocrine glands
cells having specific protein receptors for recognizing and binding a given hormone
target cells
example of endocrine gland
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
hypothalamus
pineal
pancreas
example of exocrine gland
sweat glands
salivary gland
digestive glands
what part of the brain controls pituitary gland?
hypothalamus
what are tropic hormones?
hormones that target other endocrine glands
what else is the pituitary gland known as?
the hypothesis
what is the stalk like structure that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
infundibulum
what are the two parts of the pituitary gland?
anterior-adenohypothesis
posterior-neurohypothesis
7 hormones secreted by anterior pituitary
hGH-stimulates tissue to synthesize & secrete insulin-like growth factors
TSH-stimulates synthesis & secretion of thyroid hormones t3 & t4 from thyroid gland
FSH-initiates oocytes , stimulates ovarian estrogen & testes sperm
LH- stimulates secretion of estrogen & progesterone / testes testosterone
PRL- with other hormones promotes milk from mammary glands
ACTH- stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol) from adrenal cortex of adrenal gland
MSH- role unknown- may influence brain activity/when excess amounts can cause darkening of skin
2 hormones stored and secreted by posterior pituitary gland
OT- stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells of uterus during childbirth
ADH-conserves body water by acting on the collecting ducts of kidneys to decrease urine volume/decreases water loss through perspiration/raises blood pressure by constricting arterioles
where is the thyroid gland located?
below larynx
what structure connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland?
isthmus
what do the follicle cells synthesize?
TGB
which two thyroid hormones are produced by thyroglobulin?
t3 & t4
where are parafollicular cells (c cells) located?
along side thyroid follicle
which hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells (c cells)?
calcitonin
describe the location of the parathyroid glands
on posterior surface of thyroid
typically there are how many parathyroid glands?
4
Which hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands? what cells produce this hormone?
parathyroid hormone - chief cells
What 3 hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?
t3 & t4- increases rate of body metabolism & cellular oxidation, stimulates synthesis of proteins, increases use of glucose & fatty acids for ATP production
calcitonin-lowers blood levels of calcium & phosphates by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclast and accelerating bone deposition of calcium and phosphates into bone by osteoblasts
what do the pancreatic acini cells secrete?
digestive enzymes
are pancreatic acini cells endocrine or exocrine?
exocrine
what hormone is secreted by alpha cells? what’s its function?
glucagon - increased blood glucose when low
what hormone is secreted by the beta cells? what’s its function?
insulin- decreases blood glucose when too high
are alpha and beta cells endocrine or exocrine?
endocrine
what are pancreatic islets?
groups of cells in pancreas
what’s another name for pancreatic islets?
islet of langerhans
what two hormones are produced by the ovaries?
estrogen & progesterone
what hormone do testes produce?
testosterone
where is the pineal gland located?
roof of 3rd ventricle in the brain
what hormone does the pineal gland secrete? what’s its function?
melatonin - to regulate sleep cycle
where is the thymus gland located?
mediastinum
what hormone is produced by the thymus gland? whats its function?
thymosin- produces hormones to regulate metabolism
why do older individuals have decreased immune function & more prone to sickness?
lower levels of thymosins
