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biol 122 > Ch.17 Endocrine > Flashcards

Ch.17 Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

molecules that act as chemical messengers & bind to receptors on target cells to create metabolic response

A

hormone

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2
Q

cells that produce a product that goes into a duct

A

exocrine glands

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3
Q

cells that produce a hormone that is secreted into intersticious fluid then into blood

A

endocrine glands

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4
Q

cells having specific protein receptors for recognizing and binding a given hormone

A

target cells

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5
Q

example of endocrine gland

A

pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
hypothalamus
pineal
pancreas

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6
Q

example of exocrine gland

A

sweat glands
salivary gland
digestive glands

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7
Q

what part of the brain controls pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

what are tropic hormones?

A

hormones that target other endocrine glands

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9
Q

what else is the pituitary gland known as?

A

the hypothesis

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10
Q

what is the stalk like structure that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

A

infundibulum

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11
Q

what are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

A

anterior-adenohypothesis

posterior-neurohypothesis

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12
Q

7 hormones secreted by anterior pituitary

A

hGH-stimulates tissue to synthesize & secrete insulin-like growth factors

TSH-stimulates synthesis & secretion of thyroid hormones t3 & t4 from thyroid gland

FSH-initiates oocytes , stimulates ovarian estrogen & testes sperm

LH- stimulates secretion of estrogen & progesterone / testes testosterone

PRL- with other hormones promotes milk from mammary glands

ACTH- stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol) from adrenal cortex of adrenal gland

MSH- role unknown- may influence brain activity/when excess amounts can cause darkening of skin

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13
Q

2 hormones stored and secreted by posterior pituitary gland

A

OT- stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells of uterus during childbirth

ADH-conserves body water by acting on the collecting ducts of kidneys to decrease urine volume/decreases water loss through perspiration/raises blood pressure by constricting arterioles

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14
Q

where is the thyroid gland located?

A

below larynx

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15
Q

what structure connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

isthmus

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16
Q

what do the follicle cells synthesize?

A

TGB

17
Q

which two thyroid hormones are produced by thyroglobulin?

A

t3 & t4

18
Q

where are parafollicular cells (c cells) located?

A

along side thyroid follicle

19
Q

which hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells (c cells)?

A

calcitonin

20
Q

describe the location of the parathyroid glands

A

on posterior surface of thyroid

21
Q

typically there are how many parathyroid glands?

A

4

22
Q

Which hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands? what cells produce this hormone?

A

parathyroid hormone - chief cells

23
Q

What 3 hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

A

t3 & t4- increases rate of body metabolism & cellular oxidation, stimulates synthesis of proteins, increases use of glucose & fatty acids for ATP production

calcitonin-lowers blood levels of calcium & phosphates by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclast and accelerating bone deposition of calcium and phosphates into bone by osteoblasts

24
Q

what do the pancreatic acini cells secrete?

A

digestive enzymes

25
Q

are pancreatic acini cells endocrine or exocrine?

A

exocrine

26
Q

what hormone is secreted by alpha cells? what’s its function?

A

glucagon - increased blood glucose when low

27
Q

what hormone is secreted by the beta cells? what’s its function?

A

insulin- decreases blood glucose when too high

28
Q

are alpha and beta cells endocrine or exocrine?

A

endocrine

29
Q

what are pancreatic islets?

A

groups of cells in pancreas

30
Q

what’s another name for pancreatic islets?

A

islet of langerhans

31
Q

what two hormones are produced by the ovaries?

A

estrogen & progesterone

32
Q

what hormone do testes produce?

A

testosterone

33
Q

where is the pineal gland located?

A

roof of 3rd ventricle in the brain

34
Q

what hormone does the pineal gland secrete? what’s its function?

A

melatonin - to regulate sleep cycle

35
Q

where is the thymus gland located?

A

mediastinum

36
Q

what hormone is produced by the thymus gland? whats its function?

A

thymosin- produces hormones to regulate metabolism

37
Q

why do older individuals have decreased immune function & more prone to sickness?

A

lower levels of thymosins

biol 122 (1 decks)

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