Ch.16 Flashcards
The color of light is determined by?
Wavelength
The retina receives its oxygen supply from capillaries of which layer?
The Choroid (Tunica Vasculosis)
The most finely detailed vision occurs when an image falls on a pit in the retina called what?
The Fovea Centralis
The only cells of the retina that generate action potentials are the?
Ganglion Cells
The retinal dark current results from the flow of ___________ into the receptors cells
Sodium Ions (Not Potassium)
The gelatinous membranes of the macula sacculi and the utriculi are weighted by the calcium carbonate and protein granules called?
Otoliths
The ________ is a tiny bone that vibrates in the oval window and thereby transfers sound vibrations in the inner ear
Stapes
Three rows of ________________ in the cochlea have V-Shaped arrays of stereocilia and tune the frequency sensitivity of the cochlea
Outer Hair Cells
The _______________ of the midbrain receive auditory input and trigger the head-turning auditory reflex
Inferior Colliculi
The apical stereocilia of a gustatory cell are called what?
Taste Hairs
Olfactory neurons synapse with the mitral cells and tufted cells in the ____________, which lies inferior to the frontal lobe.
Olfactory Bulb
In the phenomenon of _____________, pain from the viscera is perceived as coming from an area of the skin.
Referred Pain
Type of receptors that sense position in movements of the body are called?
Proprioception
Which of the following are not included as encapsulated nerve endings? Free Nerve ending Tactile (merkel) disks Hair receptors Pain Nerve Endings
All the above
Two types of receptors that can respond to pressure include?
Ruffini Corpuscles & Pacinian Corpuscles
The only tissue that does not contain any receptors is?
The Brain
The pigment that absorbs light in the rod photoreceptor?
Rohdopsin
Which type of taste bud papillae is located toward the rear of the tongue?
Circumvallate
What are the five primary sensations of taste?
Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Unami
Which cranial nerve is involved with receptors for taste in the palate, pharynx, and epiglottis?
Vagus Nerve (X)
Which cranial nerve is involved in the sense of taste for the anterior two thirds of the tongue?
(Vll)
In the olfactory sense, the first order neurons pass through which structure?
Cribriform plate
Which of the following cells are found in either taste buds or the olfactory epithelium?
Supporting Cells
Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures transmitting vibrations in the middle ear?
Tympanic Membrane (entering middle ear)> Malleus> Incus> Stapes> Membraneous oval window (leads to inner ear)
The liquid filled chambers of the scala vestibule and scala tympani contain which type of fluid?
Perilymph
Which muscle pulls on the tympanic membrane to prevent damage from loud noises?
Tensor tympani
Which musle pulls on the stapes to prevent damage from loud noises?
Stapedius> reduces mobility of stapes
The sensory structure for hearing is the __________________ and is located in the _________________
Organ of corti / Spiral organ
Cochlear Duct
When the basilar membrane vibrates the hair cells are deflected causing?
Mechanically gated K+ (potassium) channels open > depolarize
Low frequency sound waves are sensed at the ____________ area of the cochlea
HC Distal End
Angular acceleration is perceived by which structure?
Crista
The receptor cells that can transduce sound vibrations into receptor potentials are?
Inner Hair Cells
The range of electromagnetic radiation that can be used in human vision is?
400nm (Blue), 700nm (Red), Infrared, Microwaves
The transparent mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior surface of the eyeball except the cornea is called?
Conjuctiva
The choroid, ciliary body, and iris are all part of which layer of the eyeball?
Vascular layer (Tunica Vasculosa)
The anterior cavity contains ____________ while the posterior cavity contains ___________
Aqueous Humor
Vitreous Humor
The central area of the macula on the retina with the highest density of receptor cells is?
Fovea Centralis
What accounts for the optic disc or blind spot?
Contains no receptor cells in optic disc
Aqueous humor is produced by the __________ and is reabsorbed by the ________________________?
Ciliary body
The canal of Schlemm (AKA= Scleral Venous Sinus)
Describe the photo-pupillary reflex
Both dilates and constricts, simultaneously
Which accounts for the most refraction of light as it passes through the eye?
cornea, 75%
Nearsightedness is referred to as what?
Myopia
The photoreceptor cells that are most sensative to light but cannot istinguish between colors are the?
Rods
The photo pigments are found in which area of the photoreceptor cells?
The Outer Segment (which is the back of the retina [cone/rod]
The first order neurons and second order neurons of the visual pathway are the ______ cells and the _______________ cells
Bipolar Cells
Ganglion Cells
The synapse point for visual pathway in the thalamus is the ______________ while the synapse point in the thalamus for the auditory pathway is the _______________________
Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus
Which type of cells enhance the contrast vision by inhibiting adjacent neurons?
Horizontal Cells
Where does hemidecussation of neurons for vision occur?
Optic Chiasm
