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Anatomy Exam. Ch.16 > Ch.16 > Flashcards

Ch.16 Flashcards

1
Q

The color of light is determined by?

A

Wavelength

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2
Q

The retina receives its oxygen supply from capillaries of which layer?

A

The Choroid (Tunica Vasculosis)

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3
Q

The most finely detailed vision occurs when an image falls on a pit in the retina called what?

A

The Fovea Centralis

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4
Q

The only cells of the retina that generate action potentials are the?

A

Ganglion Cells

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5
Q

The retinal dark current results from the flow of ___________ into the receptors cells

A

Sodium Ions (Not Potassium)

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6
Q

The gelatinous membranes of the macula sacculi and the utriculi are weighted by the calcium carbonate and protein granules called?

A

Otoliths

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7
Q

The ________ is a tiny bone that vibrates in the oval window and thereby transfers sound vibrations in the inner ear

A

Stapes

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8
Q

Three rows of ________________ in the cochlea have V-Shaped arrays of stereocilia and tune the frequency sensitivity of the cochlea

A

Outer Hair Cells

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9
Q

The _______________ of the midbrain receive auditory input and trigger the head-turning auditory reflex

A

Inferior Colliculi

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10
Q

The apical stereocilia of a gustatory cell are called what?

A

Taste Hairs

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11
Q

Olfactory neurons synapse with the mitral cells and tufted cells in the ____________, which lies inferior to the frontal lobe.

A

Olfactory Bulb

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12
Q

In the phenomenon of _____________, pain from the viscera is perceived as coming from an area of the skin.

A

Referred Pain

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13
Q

Type of receptors that sense position in movements of the body are called?

A

Proprioception

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14
Q 
Which of the following are not included as encapsulated nerve endings? 
Free Nerve ending
Tactile (merkel) disks
Hair receptors
Pain Nerve Endings
A

All the above

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15
Q

Two types of receptors that can respond to pressure include?

A

Ruffini Corpuscles & Pacinian Corpuscles

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16
Q

The only tissue that does not contain any receptors is?

A

The Brain

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17
Q

The pigment that absorbs light in the rod photoreceptor?

A

Rohdopsin

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18
Q

Which type of taste bud papillae is located toward the rear of the tongue?

A

Circumvallate

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19
Q

What are the five primary sensations of taste?

A

Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Unami

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20
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with receptors for taste in the palate, pharynx, and epiglottis?

A

Vagus Nerve (X)

21
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved in the sense of taste for the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

(Vll)

22
Q

In the olfactory sense, the first order neurons pass through which structure?

A

Cribriform plate

23
Q

Which of the following cells are found in either taste buds or the olfactory epithelium?

A

Supporting Cells

24
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures transmitting vibrations in the middle ear?

A

Tympanic Membrane (entering middle ear)> Malleus> Incus> Stapes> Membraneous oval window (leads to inner ear)

25
Q

The liquid filled chambers of the scala vestibule and scala tympani contain which type of fluid?

A

Perilymph

26
Q

Which muscle pulls on the tympanic membrane to prevent damage from loud noises?

A

Tensor tympani

27
Q

Which musle pulls on the stapes to prevent damage from loud noises?

A

Stapedius> reduces mobility of stapes

28
Q

The sensory structure for hearing is the __________________ and is located in the _________________

A

Organ of corti / Spiral organ

Cochlear Duct

29
Q

When the basilar membrane vibrates the hair cells are deflected causing?

A

Mechanically gated K+ (potassium) channels open > depolarize

30
Q

Low frequency sound waves are sensed at the ____________ area of the cochlea

A

HC Distal End

31
Q

Angular acceleration is perceived by which structure?

A

Crista

32
Q

The receptor cells that can transduce sound vibrations into receptor potentials are?

A

Inner Hair Cells

33
Q

The range of electromagnetic radiation that can be used in human vision is?

A

400nm (Blue), 700nm (Red), Infrared, Microwaves

34
Q

The transparent mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior surface of the eyeball except the cornea is called?

A

Conjuctiva

35
Q

The choroid, ciliary body, and iris are all part of which layer of the eyeball?

A

Vascular layer (Tunica Vasculosa)

36
Q

The anterior cavity contains ____________ while the posterior cavity contains ___________

A

Aqueous Humor

Vitreous Humor

37
Q

The central area of the macula on the retina with the highest density of receptor cells is?

A

Fovea Centralis

38
Q

What accounts for the optic disc or blind spot?

A

Contains no receptor cells in optic disc

39
Q

Aqueous humor is produced by the __________ and is reabsorbed by the ________________________?

A

Ciliary body

The canal of Schlemm (AKA= Scleral Venous Sinus)

40
Q

Describe the photo-pupillary reflex

A

Both dilates and constricts, simultaneously

41
Q

Which accounts for the most refraction of light as it passes through the eye?

A

cornea, 75%

42
Q

Nearsightedness is referred to as what?

A

Myopia

43
Q

The photoreceptor cells that are most sensative to light but cannot istinguish between colors are the?

A

Rods

44
Q

The photo pigments are found in which area of the photoreceptor cells?

A

The Outer Segment (which is the back of the retina [cone/rod]

45
Q

The first order neurons and second order neurons of the visual pathway are the ______ cells and the _______________ cells

A

Bipolar Cells

Ganglion Cells

46
Q

The synapse point for visual pathway in the thalamus is the ______________ while the synapse point in the thalamus for the auditory pathway is the _______________________

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

Medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus

47
Q

Which type of cells enhance the contrast vision by inhibiting adjacent neurons?

A

Horizontal Cells

48
Q

Where does hemidecussation of neurons for vision occur?

A

Optic Chiasm

Anatomy Exam. Ch.16 (1 decks)

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