CH158X-EXIT-EXAM Flashcards
What is the compounding period when no compounding period is given with an interest rate?
The compounding period is equal to the interest period/rate.
What are the expected operating costs for the current equipment in year four?
The operating cost in year four will be $8,000.
How much must a company set aside now to have $1,000,000 in four years at an interest rate of 1% per month?
$620,300.
What does the first letter in the tag description of a controller near a device indicate?
It indicates the measured variable.
Where is the fluid that is known to cause fouling usually placed in shell-and-tube heat exchangers?
On the Tube-side.
What defines a design problem in terms of degrees of freedom?
A design problem is one whose number of degrees of freedom is <0.
What does P&ID stand for?
Piping and instrumentation diagram.
What is the least accurate estimate of a plant design project cost?
Order of magnitude.
What are the components of a market survey?
- Market trends
- Price history
- Existing technology
- Competitors
Where should all relevant information regarding raw materials and products be sourced from?
MSDS’s.
How are processes divided in a flow diagram?
They are first depicted on the BFD.
What does the schedule number indicate in piping?
It is an indication of the pipe’s wall thickness.
What is the base case in process design?
A process alternative that is used as a starting point of the design process.
What does HAZOP stand for?
Hazard and Operability Study.
What does the symbol (—-) in a detailed equipment flow sheet refer to?
Instrument line.
According to heuristics for process equipment design, what is the most economical method of separating liquids?
Distillation.
What is the fixed tray spacing in distillation and gas absorption towers?
0.60 to 0.86 m.
What should the operating liquid level in a mixing tank be equal to, according to heuristics?
D, where D is the diameter of the tank.
Which material cannot be used in a storage tank lined with phenolic resins?
Concentrated sulfuric acid.
Which of the following is not a direct cost? Construction expenses
Construction expenses.
What is the cost of a pump with a rated capacity of 2 m3/min?
$1200.
What is the estimated cost of a similar pump with a capacity of 4.2 m3/min?
$1870.
Which of the following statements is incorrect? all expenses = cash expenses - depreciation
All expenses = cash expenses - depreciation.
What is an example of functional depreciation?
Obsolescence.
What is the Lang factor for fixed-capital investment of a solid-fluid plant?
4.3.
How is the return on investment calculated?
Annual net profit/total capital investment.
What is the payback period corresponding to an ROI of 22.5% over a 10-year evaluation period?
2.74 years.
What control configuration measures the disturbance to adjust manipulated variable values?
Feedforward.
What is the prime objective of feedback control?
To keep values of the controlled variables at desired levels.
Which of the following is never used as a final control element?
Flow meter.
What type of control system regulates inputs independently without using the controlled output variable?
Open loop control.
What is the ultimate value of the response for a unit-step change in first-order systems?
Steady-state gain.
According to the stability criterion, what should be the amplitude ratio of the open loop frequency response at the crossover frequency when the control system is unstable?
> 1.
What is the Laplace transform of an impulse input with a magnitude of 0.1?
0.1.
What are the input variables in a control system?
- A - manipulated variable
- B - disturbance
- C - measured variable
How does the initial response of a first-order system to a step disturbance change?
It is steeper when the time constant is smaller.
What is the % overshoot for the transfer function of a second order system 1/(2s² + 0.1s + 2)?
52.7%.
What does a transducer do?
Converts measurements into signals that can be read by the controller.
What is a servomechanism?
A negative feedback system which controls changes in the set point.
What instrument is represented by the symbol (I/P circle)?
Current-to-pressure transducer.
Which of the following are fixed costs?
- Rent
- Waste treatment facilities
- Insurance
Which of the following does not incur utilities cost?
Waste treatment.
What is considered the most accurate source of raw materials price?
Individual vendors.
What does a preliminary design estimate require?
Preliminary specifications for all equipment and utilities.
What was the purchased cost of a 4 m² single-vacuum drum-type dryer in 1999?
$15,000.
What is the estimated purchased cost of a similar 9.2 m² single-vacuum drum-type dryer in 2001?
$28,520.
Which of the following is not a direct cost?
Construction expenses.
What is the estimated cost of a pump with a capacity of 4.2 m³/min?
$2520.
What is incorrect regarding expenses?
All expenses = cash expenses - depreciation.
What is the value of a property after depreciation called?
Salvage value.
What type of tank can be used to store saturated brine?
Concrete tank.
What conditions are favorable when using PI control?
- Low gain
- High integral time
What were the basic ideas for PID controller first developed for?
Steam engine.
Which hardware component of a control system calculates error?
Comparator.
Which of the four items listed is not an input to the process control system?
Set point.
What is the cost of a furnace installation with operating costs of $4800 per year and a 10-year life?
$12,000.
How many years of service are required for option B to have annual cost equal to that of option A’s?
17 years.
What would be the number of years of service if time value of money were neglected?
15.5 years.
What is the minimum packing depth for a column requiring 3 stages of rectification?
90 inches.
What is the most common linear stem-motion control valve?
Globe Valve.
What was the cost of a vacuum pump in 2000, and what would be the estimated price in 2004 for a similar pump with twice the capacity?
$250,000 in 2000; $392,290 in 2004.
What is the value of Lf for predominantly fluids processing plant?
4.7.
What type of corrosion is characterized by extremely localized attack resulting in a hole in the material?
Pitting corrosion.
What is the sensitivity of a pneumatic controller calibrated in psi/inch with a 4-in. chart width and 3 to 15 psig output range?
3 psi/in.
What is the most basic control mode where the final control element is either fully open or closed?
On-off.
What is the controller gain if a step change of 2-mA results in a 10 mA change at the output terminals?
5.
What is the proportional band of an on-off control system?
Practically 0.
What type of control is referred to as anticipatory control?
Feedforward.
What is the standard range of electrical control signal for an instrument in a control system?
4-20 mA.
Which type of feedback controller is commonly known as proportional plus reset plus rate controller?
PID.
What does process dynamics refer to?
Behavior of the process unsteady state.
What hardware component measures the value of output process variable?
Sensor.
What is the most common final control element in a chemical process industry?
Control valve.
Which parameter determines the speed by which a first-order system responds to disturbance?
Time constant.
What parameter is associated with the oscillatory nature of response in second-order systems?
Damping coefficient.
What function is used to model impulse input or disturbance into a process?
Dirac delta function.
What condition indicates that the process model is underspecified?
The number of degrees of freedom is negative.
What is the most economical method of separating liquids in process equipment design?
Distillation.
What is the paddle diameter to tank diameter ratio in the design of a paddle agitator?
0.80.
What determines the optimum economic pipe diameter for fluid flow?
Total cost considerations.
What materials make up Hastelloy?
- Mo
- Ni
What is the design pressure in relation to operating pressure for pressure vessels?
Design pressure > operating pressure.
Which of the following is not part of working capital?
Transportation facilities.
What type of cost are utilities in the operation of a chemical processing plant considered?
Direct production cost.
What is the fixed cost incurred by a manufacturing plant if variable costs are 25% of annual sales of 20 M?
8.2 M profit.
When does the break-even point occur in a manufacturing plant?
When total annual product cost = total annual sales.
What devices convert measurements to physical entities for ease of transmission?
Transducers.
What is the specified value or range of values for the controlled variable called?
Setpoint.
What is at the core of the layers of safety protection in chemical plants?
Process design.
