Ch.15 - Strategies for change

Question 1

What types of change are there?

Answer 1

Tuning = incremental change, proactive management
Adaptation = incremental change, reactive management
Planned = transformational change, proactive management
Forced = transformational change, reactive managament

Question 2

What is Lewin’s force field analysis?

Answer 2

• used to visualise the change in process and to idenify change management issues

Forces to change => current position
Resistance to change => current position

Goal => desired position

Question 3

What kinds of forces to change are there?

Answer 3

• changing markets, globalisation, increased competition, new technology, new personnel, improved rewards

Question 4

What kinds of barriers to change are there?

Answer 4

o Cultural – structural inertia (cumulative effect of all embedded systems/procedures), group inertia (groups will be resistant to change when their norms or the importance of their skills are threatened by a change), power structures (existing decision-makers fear that they will lose power and status as a result of a change)
o Personnel – habit, security, effect on earnings, fear of the unknown, selective information processing, psychological contract

Question 5

What is Lewin and Schein’s Iceberg model?

Answer 5

• model for managing the change

1. Unfreeze – involves a trigger, a challenge of existing behaviours, involvement of outsiders, or alteration to power structure
2. Move – means making the changes, communicating and encouraging adopting on the new situation
3. Refreeze – means consolidation and reinforcement of the new situation

Question 6

Who is change agent?

Answer 6

(“Champion of Change) – individual, group or external consultancy with the responsibility for driving and ‘selling’ the change.