Ch15 Krause

Question 1

amylophagia

Answer 1

The compulsive eating of purified starch

Question 2

ART

Answer 2

assisted reproductive technology - parents can be sperm donors

Question 3

Infertility

Answer 3

15% of couples are infertile

Question 4

What vitamins/minerals increase chance of fertility

Answer 4

Vitamin D, calcium (especially for male sperm), zinc, folic acid, antioxidants. Reduce or stop smoking and alcohol.

Question 5

Causes for miscarriage within the first 20 weeks are:

Answer 5

Defects in fetus, maternal infection, structural abnormalities of the uterus, Endocrine or immunological disturbances

Question 6

colostrum

Answer 6

the first secretion from the mammary glands after giving birth, rich in antibodies

Question 7

baby-led weaning

Answer 7

a method of introducing solid food into a baby’s diet by allowing them to feed themselves, as opposed to being spoon-fed.

Question 8

conception

Answer 8

series of endocrine events where healthy sperm fertilizes a healthy egg (ovum) within 24 hours of ovulation.

Question 9

pica

Answer 9

consumption of non food substances

Question 10

geophagia

Answer 10

consumption of dirt or clay

Question 11

pagophagia

Answer 11

consumption of ice

Question 12

GDM

Answer 12

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - carbohydrate intolerance with onset during pregnancy

Question 13

mother -led weaning

Answer 13

the mother encourages the baby to stop breastfeeding.

Question 14

PPD (postpartum Depression

Answer 14

negative consequences affecting the mother and child, includes increased costs of medical care, inappropriate medical care, child abuse, neglect, stopping of breastfeeding, and family dysfunction

Question 15

galactogogues

Answer 15

milk production

Question 16

transitional milk

Answer 16

begins production approximately 2 - 5 days after delivery until around 10 -14 days

Question 17

mature milk

Answer 17

final stage of milk production and usually begins to appear near the end of the second week after childbirth

Question 18

fore-milk

Answer 18

first milk released during a breastfeed - high in water content to meet baby’s hydration needs

Question 19

sub-fertility

Answer 19

reduced level of fertility characterized by unusually long time for conception

Question 20

Two phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 20

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

Question 21

Follicular phase

Answer 21

First half of menstrual cycle

Follicle growth and maturation

Question 22

Luteal phase

Answer 22

Last half of menstrual cycle
Begins after ovulation
Formation of corpus luteum

Question 23

Vitamins/Minerals that can affect men’s fertility

Answer 23

Zinc,
Soy isoflavones- reduced sperm count  
Vitamin D
Iron
Caffeine
Alcohol -Increases testosterone levels, reduces sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percent of sperm with normal shape

Question 24

Vitamins/Minerals that can affect women’s fertility

Answer 24

Soy isoflavones-decreased fertility in woman 
Vitamin D
Iron
Caffeine
Alcohol

Question 25

What may influence fertility or the course and outcome of pregnancy

Answer 25

Obesity, underweight, negative energy balance, eating disorders, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, phenylketonuria, celiac disease, etc.

Question 26

Hypothalamic amenorrhea

Answer 26

Loss of menstrual cycles due to the absence of ovulation

Caused by deficits in energy and nutrients

Question 27

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 27

inherited disorder of amino-acid metabolism

Question 28

Nutrition management of PKU

Answer 28

Low-phenylalanine diet

Question 29

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) diet recommendations

Answer 29

Lean proteins, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, regular meals, non-fat dairy, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates

Question 30

Celiac Disease diet recommendations

Answer 30

Elimination of gluten, correction of vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and long-term health maintenance

Question 31

congenital anomolies

Answer 31

structural or functional anomalies (for example, metabolic disorders) that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth, or sometimes may only be detected later in infancy, such as hearing defects

Question 32

gravida

Answer 32

medical term that relate to pregnancy and birth.

Question 33

FAS (Fetal Alcohol syndrome)

Answer 33

condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome causes brain damage and growth problems. The problems caused by fetal alcohol syndrome vary from child to child, but defects caused by fetal alcohol syndrome are not reversible

Question 34

gestational hypertension

Answer 34

elevated blood pressure that appears after 20 weeks but without proteinuria or other findings.

Question 35

HELLP syndrome

Answer 35

hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets

Question 36

macrosomia

Answer 36

baby weighing more than 4000 g

Question 37

hind-milk

Answer 37

the milk obtained in the latter part of one session of breastfeeding a baby or milking a farm animal, which contains more fat than the milk at the start of the session (the foremilk).

Question 38

HG (hyperemesis gravidarum)

Answer 38

is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration. Feeling faint may also occur. It is considered more severe than morning sickness.

Question 39

IUFD(intauterine fetal demise)

Answer 39

fetal death that occurs after 20 weeks gestation but before birth

Question 40

ptyalism gravidarum

Answer 40

excess saliva

Question 41

lactogenesis I

Answer 41

beginning of milk production

Question 42

lactogenesis II

Answer 42

white creamy milk is produced in greater quantities. Breasts become larger and firmer.

Question 43

let-down

Answer 43

highly sensitive process where milk moves through the ducts and lactiferous sinuses

Question 44

Montgomery glands

Answer 44

produce a natural oil that cleans, lubricates and protects the nipple during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Question 45

oxytocin

Answer 45

. It is normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary