Ch15 (Glencoe) - Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Flashcards
Mixture
A sample of matter composed of two or more substances, each of which retains its identity and properties.
Compound
A substance of two or more elements in fixed proportions. Compounds can be decomposed into their constituent elements.
A compound is always made up of more than one type of atom.
Element
A substance made of a single type of atom.
Pure Substance
A substance made of only one type of atom or one type of molecule
(Example - Pure iron would only contain iron atoms and pure table sugar would only contain sucrose molecules.)
Impure substance
A substance containing more than just one type of atom or more than just one type of molecule.
Separation by Physical Means
Separating a mixture into separate parts using only physical means. Below are some examples.
Sorting
Distilling
Filtering
Crystallizing
Using a magnet
Centrifuging
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Solvent
A substance, usually a liquid, in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution.
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture which has the same composition throughout, and the individual parts of the mixture are not easily identifiable.
(A homogeneous mixture is also referred to as a solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture of two substances that remain physically separate.
Saturated Solution
A solution in which no more solute will dissolve.
Solute
The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
(Example, in salt water, the salt is the solute)
Suspension
A heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles settle out of solvent-like phase if the mixture is allowed to sit around for a while.
Unsaturated Solution
A solution that could still dissolve more of the solute.
Mole
A measurement unit in chemistry that provides a bridge between the tiny atom and the realistic amounts of material chemists work with in the lab.
There are 6.02 x 1023 atomic mass units in one gram.
Thus, 6.02 x 1023 protons have a mass of one gram.
(That’s A LOT of protons!)
When a sample of matter appears to be the same throughout, i.e. a single uniform phase even at very high magnification, it is referred to as _________________.
Homogeneous.
Solid homegenous mixtures of metals are called ___________.
Alloys
This is a __________
Compound
&
Pure Substance
This is a _________
Pure Substance
&
an element
This is a ____________.
Pure Substance
&
an element
(this is a diatomic element)
This is a ______________.
compound
&
a pure substance
This is a ______________.
Mixuture of
a monoatomic element
a diatomic element
&
a compound
This is a ______________.
Homogeneous mixture of two diatomic elements
This is a ______________.
Heterogeneous mixture
This is a ______________.
Pure substance
&
an element
(this is a monoatomic element)
This is a ______________.
Pure substance
&
an element
(this is a diatomic element)
This is a ______________.
Homogeneous mixture of two elements
This is a ______________.
Homogeneous mixture of two elements.
(The purple element is diatomic)
This is a ______________.
homogeneous mixture of two diatomic elements.
This is a ______________.
Homogeneous mixture of a diatomic element and a compound.
This is a picture of a _________.
Heterogeneous mixture
This is a ___________.
Homogeneous mixture
This is a ___________.
Heterogeneous mixture.
This is a picture of a _____________.
Heterogeneous Mixture
This is a picture of a __________.
Homegeneous Mixture
aka
A solution
Which of the two liquids is a true solution?
The one on the left. Because no light is being scattered, you can conclude that there are no small colloidal particles present.
(By the way, if you look at the liquid on the right, you can see that the tiny particles in the liquid are dispersing the light. This is the Tyndall Effect and is a common test for a colloid)
Which of the two liquids is a colliod or colloidal suspension?
The one on the right. You can tell because the light is being scattered by the tiny particles in the liquid.
(This is called the Tyndall Effect)
Is the air in this forest a solution or a suspension?
It is a suspension. Furthermore, it is a colloidal suspension or colloid. You can tell by the Tyndall Effect.
Is this water a solution or a suspension?
It is a suspension. Furthermore, it is a colloid or colloidal suspension.
(You can tell by the Tyndall Effect that is quite apparent in the image.)
Pure Substance or Mixture
It is a mixture. You can tell because you could pick out the iron particles or pull them out with a magnet. Either of these two techniques is a physical process.
Solution or Suspension
This is a suspension. You can clearly see the specks of iron that will settle out if given enough time. It is also a mixture. You can tell because you could pick out the iron particles or pull them out with a magnet.
How would you classify this?
Heterogeneous Mixture
(Hint: you could separate this by simple sorting with a pair of tweezers. That would be a physical process.)
How would you classify this sample of matter?
Heterogeneous Mixture
(You can see the different parts with the naked eye.)
How would you classify the liquid inside the glass ball?
Heterogeneous Mixture
(You can easily see the white specks in the clear liquid)
