Ch14 Sect 1 Flashcards
What characteristics are displayed by totalitarian leader/gov?
- Gov controlled every aspect of life
- strong charismatic leader
- state controlled economy
- gov used spies, police, terror to enforce will of gov.
- media controlled propaganda
- schools/youths organized spread ideology
- -censorship of arts, intellectuals, and political rivals
What term refers to the gov having total control over every aspect of life?
Totalitarian
Give 2 examples of fascist leaders that rose to powering in the 192s and 1930s along with they nations they controlled.
Benito Mussolini- Italy
Adolfo Hitler- Germany
Who was the leader of the Soviet Union following Bolshevik takeover?
Vladimir Lenin, overthrew Romanoff family
Who proceeded Vladimir Lenin as leader of the Communist party in the Soviet Union?
Nikita Khrushchev
What tactics did the leader of the Soviet Union during WWII use to retain control?
Cruel, ruthless, tyrannical, killed innocent people and rivals, purged communist party, turned army into industrial…
What tactics did Mussolini use once he obtained control?
Suspended elections, took over press, outlawed other political parties, and established a dictatorship, created Blackshirts
List 2 tactics that Mussolini used to gain control!!!!
- took blackshirts by force
- no elections
List three reasons Hitler elected to office
Best public speaker, stabilize economy
(bcx. GD), strengthen military, & expand borders
What year did Hitler join his party?
1919
What is the name of Hitler’s political party?
National Socialist German workers
What was the First Nation that Italy invaded? When?
Ethiopia (in Africa)
October 1935
[Completely took control March 1936]
Where was Hitler born?
Austria
* when left home went to
Vienna= anti-Semitic views
When and why was Hitler in prison?
November 1923
Tried to overthrow German Government
(9months)
While in prison, what did he write?
Mein Kampf
“My Struggle”
What did Hitler write about in his book?
- GR weakened bcx of groups living within borders
- proposed strengthening military & expanding borders to include GR loving elsewhere
- purifying the Aryan(race) by removing undesirables
What term was Hitler referred to as once he was elected?
Dee Fuhrer
The leader
What two militant groups were established to ensure Hitler and Nazis would rise to power and keep control?
SA and SS
Which nations made up Axis Powers?
Germany, Italy and Japan
When was this axis powers alliance created?
1936
Where did Hitler and Mussolini invade in 1935?
Saar
What response did this create from other European nations?
No response from League of Nations
What is the next nation Hitler invaded?
Rhineland
When does Hitler invade this Rhineland?
March 9, 1936
In March 1938, Hitler annexed what nation?
Austria
Did this get a response from other nations! If so, how did Hitler respond?
GB & FR. Put up fuss (warned him) Hitler brushed them off
What term means giving in to someone’s demands in order to keep the peace?
Appeasement
Which nations attempted to appease Hitler?
GB & FR
What meeting was held to discuss appeasement?
Munich Conference ( in Germany)
When was Munich Conference held?
September 29th 1938
Who were the leaders and of what nations were in attendance?
Chamberlain-GB
Mussolini-Italy
Daladier- FR
Hitler- GR
What did France and Great Britain appease Germany?
1) WWI
2) GR viewed as bidder to bigger threat that Soviet Union
3) Questions allies
After annexing Austria, what nation did Germany invade?
Sudetenland
Part of Czechoslovakia
Sudetenland
Part of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
As a result of this Czechoslovakia invasion, what occurred?
GB & FR formally pledged support to Poland if invaded
What date did GB & FR pledge support to Poland?
March 31, 1939
When did Hitler invade Poland?
September 1, 1939
When did the war begin?
September 3, 1939
What agreement did Hitler make with the Soviet Union?
Hitler signed treaty with Soviet Union no threat on the east. Told them they could have part of Poland
What type of fighting tactic did the Germans practice?
Blitzkrieg (lightning warfare)
What was the quiet period of the war following the invasion of Poland known as?
Sitzkrieg
April 9, 1940 Hitler launched an attack on what two countries?
Denmark and Norway
May 10, 1940 Germany invaded what three nations?
Belgium, Netherlands, and France
Where did allied forces retreat from France following the fall of Paris?
Dunkir
When did Paris fall to Germany?
June 14, 1940
Following the fall of Paris, what was the only nation left to stand against the Axis Powers?
Great Britian
Who was the leader of Great Britain?
Winston Churchill
May 1940
What nations created the Allies?
BR, FR, Soviet Union, and US
What did RAF stand for?
Royal Air Force
How was the Battle of Britain fought?
In the air!!!
What was the name of the German Air Force?
Luftwaffe
What part of China did Japan attack in 1931?
Manchuria
WHY did Japan attack Manchuria in 1931?
Mineral-rich region
Why was China susceptible to invasion?
They were fighting amongst themselves: Jiang Jieshi & Mao Zedong
After invading part of China in 1932, where did Japan turn its sights?
French Indo China
What event does this foreshadow?
Vietnam War
What action did FDR take to protect the U.S. Following Japan’s actions in the Pacific?
1st piece time draft
What was American attitude toward the war?
Didn’t want to get involved in war. Felt us had enough problems at home due to Great Depression.
What was it known as when U.S. Didn’t want to get involved in the war?
Isolationism
What group was created ensure that isolationism would happen?
America First Committee
What were the Neutrality Acts?
US would withhold weapons and loans from all nations at war
In order to remain out of war, what policy did US enforce when it came to dealing with trade?
Cash & Carry
What did Congress pass in 1939 that allowed the US to trade weapons?
Neutrality Act of 1939
1940 FDR starts 3rd term
How did FDR make history in 1940?
Congress authorized 1st peacetime draft in history.
What was the Lend-Lease Act and when was it passed?
Authorized president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security
March 1941
October 1941 who became prime minister of Japan?
Hideki Tojo
How where and when did Japan attack the US prior to the US entering the war?
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
Hawaii
Surprise attack
When did the US declare war in Japan?
Dec 8 1941
When did German and Italy declare war on the US?
December 11, 1941
Why was there a delay in response to Japanese planes spotted on the radar?
Officer on duty decided it was American
How long did the battle last between Japan and US?
1hr 45min
Which shop was not repaired and put back into action?
USS Arizona
Aside from battleship row, what was a major target of the Japanese?
Airfield
Why was there not a third wave of the attack?
Element of surprise is gone
