Ch.14 Europe After World War 1

Question 1

What was world war 1 caused by?

Answer 1

Rivalry between Europeans for trade and influence overseas

Question 2

What were the 2 sides in world war 1?

Answer 2

Central powers - Germany, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, turkey.
VS
The Allies - Britain, Russia, Italy, France and in 1917 USA

Question 3

What started the WW1?

Answer 3

When the Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were shot dead at Sarajevo.

Question 4

How long was the war and how many people died?

Answer 4

4 years, killing 14 million people

Question 5

Where was the war fought?

Answer 5

Western Front - from Belgian coast through France to Swiss border.
Eastern Front - from Baltic to Black Sea.

Question 6

What were key moments in the war?

Answer 6

1914 - stalemate (nothing happened)
1918 - America joined allies on western front and broke stalemate.
1918 - Germany signed armistice (ceasefire) ending war.

Question 7

Who dominated the peace making after WW1?

Answer 7

President woodrow Wilson - USA
David Lloyd George - British PM
Georges Clemenceau - French PM

Question 8

What does president Wilsons suggest in his 14 point plan?

Answer 8

• nations have small army for defence.
• countries avoid secret treaties.
• self determination - people with one race & language can set up own government.
• League of Nations - to aim for world peace.

Question 9

What did Clemenceau want?

Answer 9

Germany punished because of how they defeated France in 1871

Question 10

What did Lloyd George want?

Answer 10

Didn’t agree with Clemenceau but British public pushed him to.

Question 11

Where was the treaty of Versailles signed?

Answer 11

Hall of mirrors, Versailles 1919

Question 12

What did the treaty of Versailles say?

Answer 12

• Germany must sign war guilt clause.
• Germany must pay £6600 for reparations.
• Alsace-Lorraine returned to France.
• land given to Poland, Denmark & Belgium => 1/10 Germany in foreign countries.
• german army reduced to 100,000 men.
• Rhineland became demilitarised.

Question 13

List 3 faults of the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 13

• defeated countries not part of meeting so hitler claimed it was dictated peace.
• Germany believed they didn’t solely start war.
• Italy were not given what they were promised in the treaty of London in 1915 for joining Allies.

Question 14

What happened to the League of Nations?

Answer 14

• Formed in treaty of Versailles.
• America refused to join.
• only victorious countries allowed so it was powerless.
• it ultimately failed to prevent WW2 in 1933.

Question 15

What is democracy?

Answer 15

People choose government by voting no one leader

Question 16

What is a Dictatorship?

Answer 16

Led by single ruler

Question 17

What is a Communist Dictatorship?

Answer 17

No private ownership, wealth in hands of the state.

Question 18

What started communism in Russia?

Answer 18

Vladimir Lenin overthrew royal family, the Romanovs and brought in communism.

Question 19

Who took over Russia when Lenin died?

Answer 19

Josef Stalin took over by 1927.

Question 20

What did Stalin set up to prevent public rising against him?

Answer 20

• secret police NKVD (later named KGB)

- prison camps (gulags) where people were sent to die.

Question 21

What is a fascist dictatorship?

Answer 21

• private ownership (opposite to communism).
• encourages national pride.
• believes in strong government.

Question 22

Why was Fascism popular?

Answer 22

• some countries were unhappy with treaty of Versailles.
• there was much inflation and unemployment.
• people were scared of communism.