Ch.14 Flashcards
2 types of cell deaths
Program
Injury
Cell death and cell proliferation are balanced throughout the life of?
Multicellular organisms
Why programmed cell death?
- Balance prolifiration
- Eliminate damage cells
- Eliminate virus infected cells
Apoptosis
An active process of programmed cell death, characterized by: Cleavage of chromosomal DNA Chromatin condensation Fragmentation of the nucleus Fragmentation of the cell
How do you stop the transcription if you want to kill the cell?
By killing chromosomal DNA
Phagocytosis
Cell eating is the ingestion of large particles such as bacteria.
During phagocytosis, cells engulf large particles such as bacteria, cell debris, or other intact cells.
3 types of gene required for apoptosis:
Ced-3, ced-4, and ced-9
Caspases
Are protease and are the ultimate affectors or executioners of programmed cell death, bringing about the events of apoptosis by cleaving nearly 100 different cell target proteins.
All Caspase are synthesized as inactive precursors that can be converted to the active form by….
Proteolytic cleavage
Who controls caspase activation(cleavage)?
Other Caspase
Apootosome
Is a protein complex in which Caspase-9 is activated to initiate apoptosis following the release of cytochrome c from mitocondria.
Ced-9
An oncogene inhibiting apoptosis
Ced-3
Caspase
Ced-4
Apaf-1
3 functional groups of bcl-2?
- antiapoptotic-bcl-2 protein(ced-9)
- proapoptotic- multidomain
- proapoptotic- BH3 only (Noxa, puma)