Ch.12 Flashcards
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the outermost occupied shell of an atom.
Valence Shell
The outermost occupied shell of an atom.
Nonbonding pair
Two paired valence electrons that do not participate in a chemical bond
Polyatomic Ion
A molecule that carries a net electrical charge
Nonpolar
Description of a chemical bond or molecule that has no dipole; the electrons are distributed evenly
Polar
Description of a chemical bond or molecule that has a dipole; the electrons are congregated on one side, which makes that side slightly negative while the opposite side (lacking electrons) becomes slightly positive
Dipole
A separation charge that occurs in a chemical bond because of differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms.
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons to itself when bonded to another atom.
Ion
An atom that has a net electrical charge because of either a loss or gain of electrons.
Electron-Dot Structure
A short-hand notation of the noble gas shell model of the atom, in which valence electrons are shown as dots surrounding an atomic symbol.
Ionic Compound
A chemical compound containing ions
Metallic Bond
A chemical bond in which positively charged metal ions are held together within a “fluid” of loosely held electrons
Alloy
A mixture of two or more metallic elements.
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond in which atoms are held together by their mutual attraction for two or more shared electrons
Covalent Compound
A substance, such as an element or a chemical compound, in which atoms are held together by covalent bonds
Molecule
The fundamental unit of a chemical compound, which is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond created by an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions
