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PSYCH 329: Adult Development and Aging > Ch.11: Work, Retirement, & Leisure > Flashcards

Ch.11: Work, Retirement, & Leisure Flashcards

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1
Q

During this time, “work is a curse”, primarily meant for slaves

A

Classical and medieval times

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2
Q

During this time, protestant reformation and “protestant work ethic” of diligence, punctuality, deferred gratification, and primary of work

A

1900s

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3
Q

During this time, work is about discipline and anonymity; lack of autonomy and intellectual stimulation

A

Industrial age

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4
Q

During this time, there has been increasing efforts to reward and motivate workers. Personality tests are also used

A

World War II

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5
Q

During this time, there is greater self-expression and self-fulfillment at work. The idea is you pick a job that expresses who you are

A

Information age (1970’s on)

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6
Q

What are the reasons why there is an increase in labor force in women?

A
  • feminism
  • birth control
  • having washing machines (spend less time)
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7
Q

Labor force participation of older adults is now changing over time

A
  • It is now more normal to work past 65 yrs old.
  • people are living longer so they need to work to fund retirement
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8
Q

Dependency ratio

A

The number of dependents per 100 working people

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9
Q

Why is the dependency ratio decreasing in 0-14?

A

Decreasing because we are getting bad at replacing ourselves

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10
Q

Dependency ratio for 65+ is increasing because:

A
  • baby boomers
  • once they retire, it increases dependency ratio
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11
Q

What is a mentor?

A
  • a coworker who teaches a new employee the unwritten rules and fosters occupational development
  • this is different from a coach (outside your organization)
  • inside your organization
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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Women and minorities have an especially important need for mentors

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Why do you need a mentor to get ahead a job?

A
  • A mentor helps you see the whole picture
  • A mentor can identify non-obvious mistakes
  • A mentor can help you create right relationships
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14
Q

How to get a mentor (3 step process)

A
  1. Acquisition of the mentor
    - who’s going to be your mentor? -> people you admire, successful people
  2. Approaching the mentor (in person or phone)
    - go into this confidently
    - show that you admire the person
    - tell them what you hope to get from the relationship
  3. Follow-up/ reaction after the mentor has responded to you
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15
Q

what are the stereotypes for older workers?

A
  • they’re less productive than younger people
  • resistant to change
  • stubborn
  • more difficult to train
  • less healthy
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16
Q

There is evidence that older adults are less likely to participate in _____________ in career development

A

training

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17
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Older adults are more likely to stick to a job

A

TRUE

18
Q

3 Characteristics of Older Workers

A
  1. Better citizenship & safety- older workers are less likely to get injured in the job because they’re more likely to follow the rules; They’re also more likely to help other workers
  2. Slightly lower core work performance- ex: shift work- older adults do less well when there’s shift work
  3. Fewer counterproductive behaviors- like calling in sick when they aren’t, missing work, steal less than younger people, gossip less
19
Q

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

A
  • illegal to fire or not employ workers on basis of age
  • no protection for workers in which age affects job performance (police officers, firefighters, airline pilots)
  • however, ageism still exists which can create self-fulfilling prophecy
  • supervisors can counter by building self-efficacy of older workers
20
Q

What are possible reasons older people find it harder to find a job?

A
  • Stereotypes
  • Older workers also have less education
21
Q

Victor’s Stages of Retirement

A
  • Growing interest
  • Retirement
  • Initial Euphoria
  • Some stress
  • Adjustments to new lifestyle
  • Settling down
22
Q

More than a quarter (25-30%) of people have difficulty adjusting to retirement.
____% people have ongoing difficulty adjusting with retirement

A

10

23
Q

Reasons for earlier retirement

A
  • being a woman
  • poor health
  • lower socioeconomic status
  • fast technical change in job duties/environment
24
Q

Reasons for later retirement

A
  • having a spouse who is working
  • having higher levels of education
  • higher socioeconomic status
25
Q

Bridge Work

A
  • employment that you do between your full time job & then you so something different (part-time)
  • can ease transition to retirement
  • like a part-time work, less demanding than your previous work
26
Q

Retirement is best thought of as _________ in which an individual adapts over time

A

process

27
Q

Variations in retirement patterns (3)

A
  • Crisp retirement pattern: leave labor force in single clear-cut exit (minority of workers)
  • Blurred retirement pattern: exit and reenter labor force several times
  • Bridge employment: work in different occupation than during adult life
28
Q

This theory explains the trend of bridge employment
States the more active and involved older adults are, the more satisfying their lives will be

A

Activity Theory of Aging

29
Q

This theory explains the trend of bridge employment
Maintaining some consistency with one’s previous life facilitates the transition to older adulthood

A

Continuity Theory

if you too much continuity, life would be boring

30
Q

This theory explains the trend of bridge employment
Roles provide a source of fulfillment, loss of the work role is harmful

A

Role Theory

31
Q

Financial Planning: Canada’s Three-Pillar Pension System

A
  1. Canada Pension Plan/Quebec Pension Plan
  2. Old Age Security (OAS) Program
  3. Personal Pensions and Investments
32
Q

Canada has one of the lowest elderly poverty rates across all developed countries. What is an explanation for this?

A

Because of Universal Pension Plan

33
Q

Leisure

A

what you do on your spare time

34
Q

Examples of passive leisure

A

watching TV, listening to radio

35
Q

Examples of active leisure

A
  1. Cognitive leisure- reading, educational activities, hobbies, entertainment events, playing cards
  2. Social leisure- socializing with others, talking on the phone
  3. Physical leisure- physical recreation
36
Q

Barriers to engaging in active leisure activities

A
  • health issues
  • fear of falling
  • financial costs
  • feeling too old
  • lack of knowledge
37
Q

Enablers to engaging in active leisure activities

A
  • WHO programming
  • “Senior Friendly” public spaces
38
Q

Self-directed informal learning

A
  • Many older adults engage in self-directed informal learning, although some do return to college or university for courses, with a preference for intergenerational learning environment with younger students.
39
Q

Volunteering

A
  • is one of the top five social activities for men and women > 65 years
  • increase mental health
  • increase physical health
  • decrease functional limitations
  • increase longevity
40
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Older workers usually cannot work as effectively as younger workers

A

FALSE, depends on individual capacities, job requirements and impact of experience

41
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Older workers have fewer accidents on the job than younger workers

A

TRUE

42
Q

TRUE or FALSE

The majority of old people have income below the poverty line (as defined by the federal government)

A

FALSE

PSYCH 329: Adult Development and Aging (12 decks)

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