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OS_Operating Systems > CH11: The Linux file tree > Flashcards

CH11: The Linux file tree Flashcards

1
Q

filesystem hierarchy standard

FHS

A

The FHS may help make more Unix/Linux file system trees conform better in the future.

he filesystem hierarchy standard has been designed to be used by Unix distribution developers, package developers, and system implementers.

=====================================

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2
Q

man hier

A

find information about the file system hierarchy

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3
Q

the root directory /

A

The root directory is represented by a forward slash.

Everything that exists on your Linux system can be found below this root directory
===========================================

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4
Q

the contet of the root directroy

ls/

A 
bin
dev 
home 
media
mnt
proc
sbin 
srv 
tftpboot
usr
boot 
etc
lib
misc
opt
root
selinux
sys
tmp
var
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5
Q

what is binary directories

A

Binaries are files that contain compiled source code (or machine code). Binaries can be executed on the computer. Sometimes binaries are called executables.

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6
Q

/bin contains

A

The /bin directory contains binaries for use by all users.

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7
Q

According to the FHS the /bin directory should contain

A

/bin/cat and /bin/date (among others).

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8
Q

filesystem hierarchy standard directories categories

A 
binary directories
configuration directories
data directories
in memory directories
/usr Unix System Resources
/var variable data
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9
Q

Some applications, often when installed directly from source will put themselves in

A

A samba server installation can use /opt/samba/bin to store its binaries.

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10
Q

/sbin

A

Many of the system binaries require root privilege to perform certain tasks.

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11
Q

/lib

A

contains shared libiraies often used by /bin , /sbin

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12
Q

/lib/modules

A

contains the kernel module

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13
Q

lib32 ,lib 64

32/64 what are these numbers means

A

the size of the register used during the compilation time of the library

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14
Q

Why 64-bit computer may have 32-bit binaries?

A

for compatibility with legacy applications

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15
Q

ELF

A

Executable linkable format

used in almost every unix-like operating system since system V

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16
Q

what is system v

A

Unix System V (pronounced: “System Five”) is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T

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17
Q

/opt

A

In many cases this is the software from outside the distribution repository.

the purpose of opt is to store optional software .

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18
Q

How a large package can install its all file

A

can install its all files in
/bin, /lib, /etc

within
opt/$packagename

binaries in
opt/packagename/bin

messages in
opt/packagename/man

19
Q

/boot

A

contains all the files needed to boot the computer.

these files dose’nt change very often.

20
Q

/boot/grub/grub.conf

A

define the boot menu that is displayed before the kernal starts

21
Q

/etc

A

contains the machine specific configuration files

etc stands for Editable Text Configuration

Many times the name of a configuration files is the same as the application, daemon, or protocol with .conf added as the extension.

22
Q

Configuration directories

A

/ boot

/etc

23
Q

Binary directories

A

/bin
/sbin
/lib
/opt

24
Q

data directories

A 
/home
/root
/media
/mnt
/tmp
25
Q

in memory directories

A

/dev

/proc

26
Q

directories under etc

A

/etc/init.d/
/etc/X11/
/etc/skel/
/etc/sysconfig/

27
Q

/etc/init.d/

A

contains the scripts to start and stop daemons

28
Q

etc/X11

A

the graphical display aka X windows System of just x is driven by softwaer form the X.org foundation

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

29
Q

etc/skel/

A

Skeleton directory is copied to the home directory of a newly created user it usualy contains hidden files like .bashrc

30
Q

/etc/sysconfig/

A

Contains a lot of redhat Enterprise linux configuration files.

31
Q

/etc/sysconfig/firstboot/

A

tells the redhat setup not to run at boot time

you want to run the Red Hat Setup Agent at the next reboot, then simply remove this file

32
Q

kudzu

A

in /etc/sysconfig/hwconf.

Kudzu is software from Red Hat for automatic discovery and configuration of hardware.

33
Q

/home

A

used by user to store personal or project data

home/$username

home directory of a user also serves as a location to store the user profile.

34
Q

/root

A

On many systems /root is the default location for personal data and profile of the root user. If it does not exist by default,

35
Q

/srv

A

The /srv/ directory contains site-specific data served by your system running Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This directory gives users the location of data files for a particular service, such as FTP, WWW, or CVS. Data that only pertains to a specific user should go in the /home/ directory.

36
Q

/media

A

serves as a mount point for removable media devices such as:

CD-ROM
Digital Cameras
usb attached devices

37
Q

/mnt

A

should be empty and only used for temporary mount points

38
Q

/tmp

A

used to store temporary data when needed this data may use disk or ram

never use tmp to store important data

39
Q

/dev

A

Device files in /dev are not ordinary files but are not located in the hard disk

/dev is populated with files as the kernal is recording hardware.

40
Q

/dev/tty

A

represent a terminal or a console attached to the system

41
Q

terminal will be represented in

A

dev/pts/1

42
Q

/dev/null

/dev/null is not a good location to store your backups.

A

black hole
has unlimited storage
nothing can be retrived from it.

can be uesed to discarde unwanted output from commands

43
Q

/proc

A

special directory
taking up disk space
It is actually a view of the kernal

OS_Operating Systems (8 decks)

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