Ch.11 Correlation And Prediction,Regression Flashcards
2 types of Statistics
-Descriptive Statistics
-Inferential Statistics
Types of Descriptive Statistics
-Mean
-Median
-Mode
-Range
-Variance (s²)
-Standard Deviation (2)
-Z-Scores
Types of Inferential Statistics
-Hypothesis Testing
-Correlation
-Regression
-T-tests
-ANOVA, MANOVA
A measure of linear association between two CONTINUOUS variables
Bivariate Correlation
Types of Bivariate Correlation
●Pearson vs. Spearman Rho
●Strength
●Direction
●Shape of Relationship
A numerical coefficient that indicates the extent to which two variables are related or associated
Pearson Correlation Coefficient
T/F Pearson Product Moment Correlation is used to w/ ratio or interval data only
True
Examples of Pearson correlation coefficient
Amount of practice and success,
Amount of water drank and hydration, amount of coffee drank and how much energy one has, calorie intake and weight
Correlation: Strength; what does the coE(r) range from?
r ranges from -1.0 to +1.0
Correlation: Direction (3)
No correlation: random association
Positive correlation: both variables are in same direction
Negative correlation: variable not in same direction
Example of negative correlation/association
VO2 max and mile run time
Example of positive correlation
The taller you are the longer your pants, less confidence and less likely to land a job
Unit of measurement for r in a graph
Z-scores for x & y
T/F Two things happening at the same time DOES imply cause and effect
False , not just because they happen at the same time
●What is the effect of students’ off-task behavior on their academic achievement?
-Is this Inappropriately stated?
Yes
●What is the influence of instructors’ assessment knowledge on the passage rates in their courses?
-Is this appropriately stated?
No
●What is the association of students’ off-task behavior and their academic achievement?
-Is this inappropriately states?
Nope
●What is the relationship between instructors’ assessment knowledge and the passage rates in their courses?
-Is this appropriately stated?
Yes
Proportion of shared variance between the two measures & how well the one variable can be explained by the other variable
Coefficient of determination (r^2)
For null regarding the correlation we check the ______ rather than difference
Association
If P< .05 we _______ the null and agree that their is an association
Reject
Relationship/Association
Correlation
What are the two components of correlation
Strength & direction
T/F Correlation can be above 1
False
How do we determine the shared variance between two variables?
Square the correlation coefficient(r)
What does shared variance tell you?
The percent change in one variable associated with one variable
5 Correlation issues
Curvilinear or linear
Range restriction
Prediction
Error of prediction
Standard error of estimate
Statistical method used to predict the criterion, outcome, or dependent variable (Y), from a single predictor or independent variable (X).
Linear Regression
