ch11/12 Flashcards
1
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin (protein)
2
Q
blast/o
A
germ/bud/developing cell
3
Q
glomerul/o
A
lil ball/glomerulus
4
Q
gluc/o
A
sweet/sugar
5
Q
glyc/o glycos/o
A
sweet/sugar
6
Q
meat/o
A
opening/passage
7
Q
nephro/o
A
kidney
8
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
9
Q
Ren/o
A
kidney
10
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
11
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
12
Q
ur/o urin/o
A
urine
13
Q
urinary system functions as sanitation engineer of the body maintaining purity and health of bodys fluids by
A
removing unwanted waste/recyling other materials
14
Q
kidneys filter gallons of fluid from the bloodstream removing:
A
metabolic waste/toxins/excess ions/and water
15
Q
other organs of the urinary systrm besides kidneys:
A
paired ureters/urinary bladder/urethra
16
Q
urine is formed by 3 processes occurring in the kidneys:
A
filtration of the blood to produce filtrate
reabsorption of excess h2o/ions and nutrients in the filtrate
secretion of excess ions as waste into the filtrate
17
Q
kidneys other functions besides urine:
A
regulate blood pressure
regulate PH within body fluids
regulate water/salt concentrates
regulate red blood cell production
18
Q
microscopic subunit of each kidney
A
nephron
19
Q
urethra/urinary bladder/ureters are protected by a
A
mucous membrane
20
Q
diseases affecting urinary system
A
diabetes
hypertension
tumors
stones
inherited disorders
heart disease
21
Q
many diseases can be diagnosed from a urine sample that contains abnormal contents such as:
A
blood cells
bacteria
albumin(protein in blood)
glucose
creatinine high(protein of metabolism)
22
Q
an-
A
without/absence of
23
Q
dia-
A
through
24
Q
dys-
A
bad/abnormal/painful/difficult
25
poly-
excessive/many
26
azot/o
urea/nitrogen
27
bacteri/o
bacteria
28
hem/o hemat/o
blood
29
ket/o keton/o
ketone
30
noct/o
night
31
olig/o
few in number
32
protein/o
protein
33
py/o
pus
34
-emia
condition of blood
35
-uresis
urination
36
-uria
pertaining to urine/urination
37
surgical treatment of urinary disease
urology
38
physician specializing in urinary disease
urologist
39
field that specializes in kidney disease
nephrology
40
physician specializing in kidney disease
nephrologist
41
nephrology is a subspecialty of internal medicine and is often called
renal medicine (ren/o meaning kidney)
42
clinical procedure that examines composition of urine
urinalysis
43
andr/o
male
44
balan/o
gland penis
45
cervic/o
neck or cervix
46
cyes/o cyesi/o
pregnancy
47
embry/o
embryo
48
epididym/o
epididymis
49
episi/o
vulva
50
fet/o
fetus
51
gravid/o gravidar/o
pregnancy
52
mamm/o
breast
53
men/o menstru/o
month menstruation
54
orchi/o orchid/o
testis
55
pen/o
penis
56
semin/o
seed/sperm
57
sperm/o spermat/o
seed/sperm
58
test/o
testis testicle
59
testicul/o
little testicle, testicle
60
urethr/o
urethra
61
vas/o
vessel
62
in both sexes the reproductive system performs the role of producing:
sex cells or gametes in preparation for fertilization and development of new offspring
63
male gametes are called:
spermatozoa or sperm cells and are produced by the male gonads the testes
64
the scrotum houses the:
testes/penis/tubes that carry sperm (epididymis,vas deferens,urethra)/and the glands that contribute to semen(seminal vesicles,prostate gland,bulbourethrsl glands)
65
in addition to sperm cells the testes also produces:
male hormone testosterone
66
female gametes are called
ova
67
ova are produced by the female gonads:
the ovaries
68
female reproductive organs:
ovaries/fallopian tubes/uterus/vagina/vulva
69
the ovaries produce eggs as well as
female hormones estrogen and progesterone
70
general function of the reproductive system is to
produce offspring which occurs when the male gamete sperm unites successfully with female gamete ovum. Fertilized egg is the origin of new human life.
71
once a new life us conceived the developing embryo enters into the segment of life called:
prenatal development
72
clinical field focused on prenatal development
obstetrics
73
supports mother during pregnancy/childbirth and during the first mth or so after
obstetrician
74
because male urethra is responsible for transporting urine and semen disease of the reproductive system is usually treated by
urologist
75
disease of female reproductive system generally treated by
gynecologist
76
reproductive disease often diagnosed initially
during physical exam
77
reproductive systems are subject to:
infections
tumors
endocrine disorders
inherited disease
78
a-
without or absence of
79
zo/o
animal/living
80
-algia
condition of pain
81
-ia
condition of
82
-itis
inflammation
83
-rrhea
discharge
84
Olig/o
Few in numbet
85
fluid released during ejaculation is a water fluid and lacks sperm
aspermia
86
absence of living sperm in semen
azoospermia
87
abnormal discharge from the glans penis. Symptom of of gonorhea
Balanorrhea
88
presence of small ulcers on the skin or mucous membranes french for cancer sign of syphilis
Chancres
89
abnormally low sperm count most common sign of male infertility.
oligospermia
90
wartlike lesions on the skin & mucous membranes. Sign of STI & HPV. Lesions commonly called genital warts. HPV preventable with vaccine and use condoms
Papilloma
91
inflammation if the prostate gland sign of BPH or prostate cancer.
Prostatitis
92
abnormal discharge from the prostate gland
Prostatorrhea
93
condition of testicular pain also known as orchialgia or orchidalgia
testalgia
94
inflammation of the urethra, usually sti or uti symptom of irritation of the urethra
urethritis
95
absence of menstrual discharge in women of childbearing age
amenorrhea
96
vagina pain associated with sex
colpodynia
colp/o vagina
dynia means condition of pain
97
symptom of abnormal pain during menstruation.
dysmenorrhea
98
condition if retained menstrual blood in fallopian tube. Greek salpinx means trumpet
hemat/o/salpinx
99
fluid accumulation within a fallopian tube sign if inflammation with fallopian tube
hydrosalpinx
100
literally means white discharge (white or yellow discharge from Vag sign of infection)
leukorrhea
101
condition of pain in the breast could be sign of fibrocystic breast disease/mastitis/breast cancer/nippe fissure/breast cyst
mastalgia
102
sign of profuse bleeding during menstruation commonly as heavy periods
menorrhagia
103
abnormal discharge from uterus between periods. Usually limited to spotting and is not associated with menstruation.
metrorrhagia
104
abdominal pain occuring during ovulation. German word meaning middle pain because ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the mthly menstrual cycle about 14 days from next cycle. Occurs when bleeding from ovulation irritated the peritoneum
mittelschmerz
105
abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation may be a sign of reproductive disease
oligomenorrhea
106
discharge of pus from a fallopian tube sign of infection
pyosalpinx
107
abnormal discharge of amniotic fluid sign of a ruptured amniotic sac
amniorrhea
108
difficult (toc-birth)
dystocia
109
symptoms of severe nausea &emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy. Literally means excessive vomiting when pregnant. Can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus if not treated.
hypermesis
110
an abnormal spontaneous discharge of milk discharge of milk. Usually between nursing or after weaning.
lactorrhea
111
an excessive production of amniotic fluid during fetal development if not treated can cause unwanted pressure on the fetus and disturb development
polyhydramnios
112
a sensation of being pregnant when pregnancy doesn’t exist. Literally means false pregnancy.
pseudocyesis (pseud/o false cyesis-pregnancy)
113
sign of abnormal renal filtration (albumin protein found in urine)
albumin/uria
114
clinical sign of the inability to pass urine. sign of kidney disease. defined as producing less then 100ml of urine/day. Normal output 800-2000ml/day.
An/uria
115
sign of abnormally high levels of urea and other nitrogen containing compounds in the blood. Greek azo which means without life.
azot/emia (azot-urea/nitrogen)
116
abnormal presence of bacteria in the urine sign of urinary tract infection
bacteri/uria
117
temporary, excessive discharge or urine. Literally means urination through. May be induced by drugs called diuretics to reduce high blood pressure by increasing urine volume
Di/uresis
118
difficulty or pain experienced during urination. Symptom of urinary tract disease called bacterial infection.
Dys/uria
119
abnormal presence of glucose (sugar) in the urine is a sign of endocrine disease such as diabetes mellitus
Glycos/uria
120
abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Sign of urinary system disorder. Means pertaining to bloody urine or urination. An analysis of urine is performed to evaluate kidney function. The beaner contains urine, indicating the sign of blood within the urine which is confirmed by microscopic analysis
hemat/uria
121
abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Common sign of: metabolic disorder/high protein-low carb diet/starvation/diabetes mellitus
keton/uria
122
need to urinate frequently at night. possible symptom of: diabetes mellitus/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
noct/uria
123
reduced urination is a clinical problem when the volume of urine declines to less than 500ml within a 24hr period. Possible sign of: kidney disorder/congestive heart failure/dehydration/blockage of urinary tract
Olig/uria
124
chronic abnormal production of large volumes of urine that requires frequent urination. Common sign of endocrine disease, usually diabetes insipidus/diabetes mellitus
poly/uria
125
presence of any protein in the urine. Albuminuria is the presence of protein albumin in the urine. Albuminuria is a form of proteinuria
Protein/uria
126
presence of pus in the urine. Pus is a mixture of white blood celld, bacteria, and cell debris that forms during an infection. Its appearance in urine indicates a urinary tract infection
py/uria
127
most important part of the urinary system
kidneys
128
kidney’s function
filter gallons of fluids from bloodstream
129
kidneys remove _________ and return needed materials back to the blood
metabolic wasted/toxins/excess ions/water in the urine
130
Organs of the urinary system:
bladder/ureter/urethra/kidney’s/renal artery &vein
131
3 processes occurring in kidneys
filtration-if blood to produce filtrate
reabsorption- of h2o/ions/nutrients return to bloodstream
secretion-excess ions as waste into the filtrate
132
other vital functions of kidneys aside from forming urine:
regulating: blood pressure/pH within body fluids/regulation of water,salt concentrates/red blood cell production
133
urethra/bladder and ureters are protected by ______\ bacteria and viruses are sometimes able to enter the internal organs from the meatus
mucous membrane
134
aside from infection, diseases that can affect urinary system:
diabetes/hypertension/tumors/stones/inherited disorders/heart disease
135
many urinary disease are dx from a urine sample that has abnormal contents such as:
blood cells/bacteria/albumin(protein found in blood)/glucose/high levels of creatinine (protein product of metabolism)
136
female reproductive system includes:
ovaries/fallopian tubes/uterus/vagina/cervix/serosa(perimetrium outside of uterus)/myometrium(innerlayers of uterus)/endometrium(inner lining if uterus)/vulva/frimbriae/fornix/infundibulum
137
sperm & ova are the female and male:
sex cells called gametes
138
male reproductive system includes:
scrotum/testicles/penis/vas deferens tubes/urethra/ureter/epididymis
139
glands that contribute to semen:
seminal vessicles/prostate gland/bulbourethral glands
140
when a sperm unites with female ovum results in fertilized egg once conceived the developing zygote then embryo enters the
prenatal development
