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urinary/reproductive/endocrine > ch11/12 > Flashcards

ch11/12 Flashcards

1
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin (protein)

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2
Q

blast/o

A

germ/bud/developing cell

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3
Q

glomerul/o

A

lil ball/glomerulus

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4
Q

gluc/o

A

sweet/sugar

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5
Q

glyc/o glycos/o

A

sweet/sugar

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6
Q

meat/o

A

opening/passage

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7
Q

nephro/o

A

kidney

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8
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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9
Q

Ren/o

A

kidney

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10
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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11
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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12
Q

ur/o urin/o

A

urine

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13
Q

urinary system functions as sanitation engineer of the body maintaining purity and health of bodys fluids by

A

removing unwanted waste/recyling other materials

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14
Q

kidneys filter gallons of fluid from the bloodstream removing:

A

metabolic waste/toxins/excess ions/and water

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15
Q

other organs of the urinary systrm besides kidneys:

A

paired ureters/urinary bladder/urethra

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16
Q

urine is formed by 3 processes occurring in the kidneys:

A

filtration of the blood to produce filtrate
reabsorption of excess h2o/ions and nutrients in the filtrate
secretion of excess ions as waste into the filtrate

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17
Q

kidneys other functions besides urine:

A

regulate blood pressure
regulate PH within body fluids
regulate water/salt concentrates
regulate red blood cell production

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18
Q

microscopic subunit of each kidney

A

nephron

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19
Q

urethra/urinary bladder/ureters are protected by a

A

mucous membrane

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20
Q

diseases affecting urinary system

A

diabetes
hypertension
tumors
stones
inherited disorders
heart disease

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21
Q

many diseases can be diagnosed from a urine sample that contains abnormal contents such as:

A

blood cells
bacteria
albumin(protein in blood)
glucose
creatinine high(protein of metabolism)

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22
Q

an-

A

without/absence of

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23
Q

dia-

A

through

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24
Q

dys-

A

bad/abnormal/painful/difficult

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25
Q

poly-

A

excessive/many

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26
Q

azot/o

A

urea/nitrogen

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27
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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28
Q

hem/o hemat/o

A

blood

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29
Q

ket/o keton/o

A

ketone

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30
Q

noct/o

A

night

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31
Q

olig/o

A

few in number

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32
Q

protein/o

A

protein

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33
Q

py/o

A

pus

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34
Q

-emia

A

condition of blood

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35
Q

-uresis

A

urination

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36
Q

-uria

A

pertaining to urine/urination

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37
Q

surgical treatment of urinary disease

A

urology

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38
Q

physician specializing in urinary disease

A

urologist

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39
Q

field that specializes in kidney disease

A

nephrology

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40
Q

physician specializing in kidney disease

A

nephrologist

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41
Q

nephrology is a subspecialty of internal medicine and is often called

A

renal medicine (ren/o meaning kidney)

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42
Q

clinical procedure that examines composition of urine

A

urinalysis

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43
Q

andr/o

A

male

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44
Q

balan/o

A

gland penis

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45
Q

cervic/o

A

neck or cervix

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46
Q

cyes/o cyesi/o

A

pregnancy

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47
Q

embry/o

A

embryo

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48
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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49
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

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50
Q

fet/o

A

fetus

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51
Q

gravid/o gravidar/o

A

pregnancy

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52
Q

mamm/o

A

breast

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53
Q

men/o menstru/o

A

month menstruation

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54
Q

orchi/o orchid/o

A

testis

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55
Q

pen/o

A

penis

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56
Q

semin/o

A

seed/sperm

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57
Q

sperm/o spermat/o

A

seed/sperm

58
Q

test/o

A

testis testicle

59
Q

testicul/o

A

little testicle, testicle

60
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

61
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

62
Q

in both sexes the reproductive system performs the role of producing:

A

sex cells or gametes in preparation for fertilization and development of new offspring

63
Q

male gametes are called:

A

spermatozoa or sperm cells and are produced by the male gonads the testes

64
Q

the scrotum houses the:

A

testes/penis/tubes that carry sperm (epididymis,vas deferens,urethra)/and the glands that contribute to semen(seminal vesicles,prostate gland,bulbourethrsl glands)

65
Q

in addition to sperm cells the testes also produces:

A

male hormone testosterone

66
Q

female gametes are called

A

ova

67
Q

ova are produced by the female gonads:

A

the ovaries

68
Q

female reproductive organs:

A

ovaries/fallopian tubes/uterus/vagina/vulva

69
Q

the ovaries produce eggs as well as

A

female hormones estrogen and progesterone

70
Q

general function of the reproductive system is to

A

produce offspring which occurs when the male gamete sperm unites successfully with female gamete ovum. Fertilized egg is the origin of new human life.

71
Q

once a new life us conceived the developing embryo enters into the segment of life called:

A

prenatal development

72
Q

clinical field focused on prenatal development

A

obstetrics

73
Q

supports mother during pregnancy/childbirth and during the first mth or so after

A

obstetrician

74
Q

because male urethra is responsible for transporting urine and semen disease of the reproductive system is usually treated by

A

urologist

75
Q

disease of female reproductive system generally treated by

A

gynecologist

76
Q

reproductive disease often diagnosed initially

A

during physical exam

77
Q

reproductive systems are subject to:

A

infections
tumors
endocrine disorders
inherited disease

78
Q

a-

A

without or absence of

79
Q

zo/o

A

animal/living

80
Q

-algia

A

condition of pain

81
Q

-ia

A

condition of

82
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

83
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge

84
Q

Olig/o

A

Few in numbet

85
Q

fluid released during ejaculation is a water fluid and lacks sperm

A

aspermia

86
Q

absence of living sperm in semen

A

azoospermia

87
Q

abnormal discharge from the glans penis. Symptom of of gonorhea

A

Balanorrhea

88
Q

presence of small ulcers on the skin or mucous membranes french for cancer sign of syphilis

A

Chancres

89
Q

abnormally low sperm count most common sign of male infertility.

A

oligospermia

90
Q

wartlike lesions on the skin & mucous membranes. Sign of STI & HPV. Lesions commonly called genital warts. HPV preventable with vaccine and use condoms

A

Papilloma

91
Q

inflammation if the prostate gland sign of BPH or prostate cancer.

A

Prostatitis

92
Q

abnormal discharge from the prostate gland

A

Prostatorrhea

93
Q

condition of testicular pain also known as orchialgia or orchidalgia

A

testalgia

94
Q

inflammation of the urethra, usually sti or uti symptom of irritation of the urethra

A

urethritis

95
Q

absence of menstrual discharge in women of childbearing age

A

amenorrhea

96
Q

vagina pain associated with sex

A

colpodynia
colp/o vagina
dynia means condition of pain

97
Q

symptom of abnormal pain during menstruation.

A

dysmenorrhea

98
Q

condition if retained menstrual blood in fallopian tube. Greek salpinx means trumpet

A

hemat/o/salpinx

99
Q

fluid accumulation within a fallopian tube sign if inflammation with fallopian tube

A

hydrosalpinx

100
Q

literally means white discharge (white or yellow discharge from Vag sign of infection)

A

leukorrhea

101
Q

condition of pain in the breast could be sign of fibrocystic breast disease/mastitis/breast cancer/nippe fissure/breast cyst

A

mastalgia

102
Q

sign of profuse bleeding during menstruation commonly as heavy periods

A

menorrhagia

103
Q

abnormal discharge from uterus between periods. Usually limited to spotting and is not associated with menstruation.

A

metrorrhagia

104
Q

abdominal pain occuring during ovulation. German word meaning middle pain because ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the mthly menstrual cycle about 14 days from next cycle. Occurs when bleeding from ovulation irritated the peritoneum

A

mittelschmerz

105
Q

abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation may be a sign of reproductive disease

A

oligomenorrhea

106
Q

discharge of pus from a fallopian tube sign of infection

A

pyosalpinx

107
Q

abnormal discharge of amniotic fluid sign of a ruptured amniotic sac

A

amniorrhea

108
Q

difficult (toc-birth)

A

dystocia

109
Q

symptoms of severe nausea &emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy. Literally means excessive vomiting when pregnant. Can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus if not treated.

A

hypermesis

110
Q

an abnormal spontaneous discharge of milk discharge of milk. Usually between nursing or after weaning.

A

lactorrhea

111
Q

an excessive production of amniotic fluid during fetal development if not treated can cause unwanted pressure on the fetus and disturb development

A

polyhydramnios

112
Q

a sensation of being pregnant when pregnancy doesn’t exist. Literally means false pregnancy.

A

pseudocyesis (pseud/o false cyesis-pregnancy)

113
Q

sign of abnormal renal filtration (albumin protein found in urine)

A

albumin/uria

114
Q

clinical sign of the inability to pass urine. sign of kidney disease. defined as producing less then 100ml of urine/day. Normal output 800-2000ml/day.

A

An/uria

115
Q

sign of abnormally high levels of urea and other nitrogen containing compounds in the blood. Greek azo which means without life.

A

azot/emia (azot-urea/nitrogen)

116
Q

abnormal presence of bacteria in the urine sign of urinary tract infection

A

bacteri/uria

117
Q

temporary, excessive discharge or urine. Literally means urination through. May be induced by drugs called diuretics to reduce high blood pressure by increasing urine volume

A

Di/uresis

118
Q

difficulty or pain experienced during urination. Symptom of urinary tract disease called bacterial infection.

A

Dys/uria

119
Q

abnormal presence of glucose (sugar) in the urine is a sign of endocrine disease such as diabetes mellitus

A

Glycos/uria

120
Q

abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Sign of urinary system disorder. Means pertaining to bloody urine or urination. An analysis of urine is performed to evaluate kidney function. The beaner contains urine, indicating the sign of blood within the urine which is confirmed by microscopic analysis

A

hemat/uria

121
Q

abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Common sign of: metabolic disorder/high protein-low carb diet/starvation/diabetes mellitus

A

keton/uria

122
Q

need to urinate frequently at night. possible symptom of: diabetes mellitus/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

noct/uria

123
Q

reduced urination is a clinical problem when the volume of urine declines to less than 500ml within a 24hr period. Possible sign of: kidney disorder/congestive heart failure/dehydration/blockage of urinary tract

A

Olig/uria

124
Q

chronic abnormal production of large volumes of urine that requires frequent urination. Common sign of endocrine disease, usually diabetes insipidus/diabetes mellitus

A

poly/uria

125
Q

presence of any protein in the urine. Albuminuria is the presence of protein albumin in the urine. Albuminuria is a form of proteinuria

A

Protein/uria

126
Q

presence of pus in the urine. Pus is a mixture of white blood celld, bacteria, and cell debris that forms during an infection. Its appearance in urine indicates a urinary tract infection

A

py/uria

127
Q

most important part of the urinary system

A

kidneys

128
Q

kidney’s function

A

filter gallons of fluids from bloodstream

129
Q

kidneys remove _________ and return needed materials back to the blood

A

metabolic wasted/toxins/excess ions/water in the urine

130
Q

Organs of the urinary system:

A

bladder/ureter/urethra/kidney’s/renal artery &vein

131
Q

3 processes occurring in kidneys

A

filtration-if blood to produce filtrate
reabsorption- of h2o/ions/nutrients return to bloodstream
secretion-excess ions as waste into the filtrate

132
Q

other vital functions of kidneys aside from forming urine:

A

regulating: blood pressure/pH within body fluids/regulation of water,salt concentrates/red blood cell production

133
Q

urethra/bladder and ureters are protected by ______\ bacteria and viruses are sometimes able to enter the internal organs from the meatus

A

mucous membrane

134
Q

aside from infection, diseases that can affect urinary system:

A

diabetes/hypertension/tumors/stones/inherited disorders/heart disease

135
Q

many urinary disease are dx from a urine sample that has abnormal contents such as:

A

blood cells/bacteria/albumin(protein found in blood)/glucose/high levels of creatinine (protein product of metabolism)

136
Q

female reproductive system includes:

A

ovaries/fallopian tubes/uterus/vagina/cervix/serosa(perimetrium outside of uterus)/myometrium(innerlayers of uterus)/endometrium(inner lining if uterus)/vulva/frimbriae/fornix/infundibulum

137
Q

sperm & ova are the female and male:

A

sex cells called gametes

138
Q

male reproductive system includes:

A

scrotum/testicles/penis/vas deferens tubes/urethra/ureter/epididymis

139
Q

glands that contribute to semen:

A

seminal vessicles/prostate gland/bulbourethral glands

140
Q

when a sperm unites with female ovum results in fertilized egg once conceived the developing zygote then embryo enters the

A

prenatal development

urinary/reproductive/endocrine (1 decks)

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