Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

T3 lecture a&p > ch10pt3 > Flashcards

ch10pt3 Flashcards

1
Q

length of sarcomere is related to how much zone of overlap there is. how much over lap is related to how many ___ ___ can grab on to ___

A

myosin heads, actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The number of pivoting cross-bridges, the fiber’s resting length at the time of stimulation, and the frequency of stimulation all affect ____ ____

A

tension production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ __ _____ between thick and thin fibers and number of pivoting cross bridges affects Length-Tension Relationships

A

amount of overlap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

______ ______ produces greatest amount of tension

A

optimum overlap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Too much or too little overlap reduces efficiency because

A

no room for sarcomere to contract, myosin heads can’t reach active sites on actin (too far away)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

optimal rest length of sarcomere

A

2-2.5 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

no tension will be produced if sarcomere is <___ or >____ of optimal length

A

60%, 175%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

skeletal system limits __________ of muscles

A

overstretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CNS monitors resting sarcomeres and maintains muscle ____

A

tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

must be reached for action potential to be generated in muscle fiber

A

threshold voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

at threshold voltage, a single neural stimulus causes a

A

twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sustained muscle contractions require

A

repeated stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phases of a twitch (3)

A

latent period, contraction phase, relaxation phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Muscle has been stimulated, Not yet contracting

A

latent period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The action potential moves through t-tubules, Ca2+ released from SR

A

latent period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Elastic components tensed (_______ Tension)

A

latent period, Internal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phase which sarcomere shortens, Tension builds to peak (_____ Tension)

A

contraction phase, External

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ca2+ levels fall, Active sites are covered and tension falls to resting levels

A

relaxation phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The normal range of sarcomere lengths in the body is ___ to ___ percent of the optimal length.

A

75, 130

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

successive stimulations before the end of relaxation phase. Increases tension in a wave patterns

A

wave summation / temporal summation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rapid stimulation continues, twitches reach maximum tension, muscle is in sustained fluttering contraction

A

incomplete tetanus

22
Q

If stimulation frequency is high enough, muscle never begins to relax, and is in continuous contraction (Not a normal physiologic state)

A

complete tetanus

23
Q

Bacteria Clostridium tetani releases a toxin. CNS cannot inhibit unwanted contractions.

A

tetanus

24
Q

Results in Spastic Paralysis
“LockJaw”

A

tetanus

25
Q

Bacteria Clostridium botulinum releases a toxin. _______ toxin blocks Ach release. Results in flaccid paralysis.

A

botulism

26
Q

types of contraction (2)

A

isotonic and isometric

27
Q

Skeletal muscle changes length resulting in motion

A

isotonic contraction

28
Q

if muscle tension is greater than load (resistance), muscle will ______, causing _______ contraction (flexion)

A

shorten, concentric

29
Q

if muscle tension is less than load (resistance), muscle will ______, causing _______ contraction (extension)

A

lengthen, eccentric

30
Q

Skeletal muscle develops tension equaling the load / resistance. Muscle does not change length.

A

isometric contraction

31
Q

Used to maintain position / posture

A

isometric contraction

32
Q

The pull of elastic elements (tendons, elastic components of sarcomere), expands the sarcomeres to resting/relaxed length.

A

elastic forces

33
Q

to move body to original position, ______ ______ contract

A

opposing muscles

34
Q

skeletal muscles exist in _______ pairs. one contracts, other lengthens, visa versa

A

opposing

35
Q

Can take the place of opposing muscle contraction to return a muscle to its resting state

A

gravity

36
Q

Provides Energy For Muscle Contraction. Sustained muscle contraction uses a lot of this energy. Myosin heads need this to be loaded into their cocked position.

A

ATP

37
Q

myosin heads hydrolyze ATP to

A

ADP + Phosphate

38
Q

Muscles store enough energy to start contraction. Muscle fibers must manufacture more ATP for

A

future contractions

39
Q

active energy molecule used by muscles

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

40
Q

storage molecule for excess energy in resting muscle

A

creatine phosphate (CP)

41
Q

using this enzyme ADP is recycled back into ATP by taking a phosphate from creatine phosphate (CP)

A

creatine kinase (CK)

42
Q

this enzyme makes an ATP by taking a phosphate from ADP

A

myokinase

43
Q

new ATP can be generated by

A

Aerobic metabolism or anaerobic glycolysis

44
Q

Is the primary energy source of resting muscles and moderately active muscles. Breaks down fatty acids or pyruvic acid.

A

aerobic metabolism

45
Q

Is the primary energy source for peak muscular activity. Produces two ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. Breaks down glucose stored in skeletal muscles (glycogen). Produces Lactic Acid.

A

anaerobic glycolysis

46
Q

When muscles can no longer perform a required activity, they are

A

fatigued

47
Q

Depletion of metabolic reserves, low pH (lactic acid buildup), muscle exhaustion and pain.

A

results of Muscle Fatigue

48
Q

in the ____ _____, the removal and recycling of lactic acid is done by the _____

A

Cori Cycle, liver

49
Q

Liver converts lactate to ______, then pyruvate to _____ (gluconeogenesis)

A

pyruvate, glucose

50
Q

______ is released to recharge muscle glycogen reserves.

A

glucose

T3 lecture a&p (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions