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medterm121 > ch10 terms > Flashcards

ch10 terms Flashcards

1
Q

acetylcholine

A

nuerotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

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2
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

middle layer of 3 membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

afferent nerve

A

carries messages towards the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve)

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4
Q

astrocyte

A

type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

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6
Q

axon

A

microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

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7
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

protective separation b/w blood and brain cells

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8
Q

brainstemm

A

posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. includes pons & medulla oblongata

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9
Q

cauda equina

A

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

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10
Q

cell body

A

part of the nerve cell that contains the nucleus

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11
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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12
Q

cerebellum

A

posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

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13
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer region of the cerebrum contains sheets of nerve cells- gray matter

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14
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

cerebrum

A

LARGEST PART OF BRAIN, responsible for voluntary muscles movements, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory.

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16
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to head and neck (except vagus)

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17
Q

dendrite

A

microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive nervous impulse

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18
Q

dura mater

A

thick, OUTERMOST layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord

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19
Q

efferent nerve

A

carries messages AWAY from brain & spinal cord, motor nerve

20
Q

ependymal cell

A

glial cell that ines membranes within the brain and spinal cord - helps from cerebrospinal fluid

21
Q

ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

22
Q

glial (nueroglial) cell

A

supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nerve impulses (astrocytes, microglial, ependymal cells & oligodendrocytes

23
Q

gyrus (pl gyri)

A

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of cerebrl cortex - convolution

24
Q

hypothalamus

A

portion of brain beneath thalamus- controls sleep, appetite, body temp, & pituitary gland secretion

25
Q

medulla oblongata

A

part of the brain above spinal cord- controls breathing, heartbeat, bloodvessel size. nerve fibers cross over here

26
Q

meninges

A

3 protective membranes that surround brain & spinal cord

27
Q

microglial cell

A

phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from nervous system

28
Q

motor nerve

A

carries messages away from brain to motor muscles, efferent nerve

29
Q

myelin sheath

A

covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of nerve cell, speeds up impulse along axon

30
Q

nueron

A

nerve cell that carries impulses through body, parenchyma of nervous system

31
Q

nuerotransmitter

A

chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell- stimulates or inhibits another cell (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

32
Q

oligodendroglial cell

A

glial cell that forms the myelin sheath

33
Q

parasympathetic nerves

A

involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions- heart rate, breathing, gi tract muscles

34
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

nerves outside brain & spinal cord- cranial spinal & autonomic nerves

35
Q

pia mater

A

thin delicate INNER membrane of meninges

36
Q

plexus

A

large interlaced network of nerves - lumbosacral, cervical & brachial

37
Q

pons

A

part of brain anterior to the cerebellum & bw the medulla & rest of midbrain. bridge connecting various parts of brain

38
Q

receptors

A

organ that receives nervous impulses - nose, eyes, ears, tastebuds

39
Q

sensory nerve

A

carries messages towards the brain & spinal cord from the receptor- afferent nerve

40
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of nerves arising from spinal cord

41
Q

sulcus

A

depression or groove in surface of cerebral cortex - fissure

42
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

autonomic nerves that influenc bodily functions involuntarily during times of stress

43
Q

synapse

A

space through a nervous impulse travels bw nerve cells or nerve & muscle/glandular cell

44
Q

thalamus

A

main relay center of brain- conducts impulses bw spinal cord & cerebrum- incoming sensory messages are relayed through here & to appropriate places in cerebrum

45
Q

vagus nerve

A

10th cranial nerve that branches all over body, only cranial nerve to leave brain/spinal cord

46
Q

ventricles of brain

A

canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid

medterm121 (19 decks)

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