Ch.10 Rivers

Question 1

Source

Answer 1

the beginning or start of a river (youthful stage & from mountain tops)

Question 2

Course

Answer 2

The route a river takes to sea

Question 3

Confluence

Answer 3

the point at which two rivers or streams join together

Question 4

Tributary

Answer 4

a stream or smaller river that flows into a larger stream or river

Question 5

Mouth

Answer 5

the point where a river comes to the end, usually when entering the sea

Question 6

Drainage basin

Answer 6

the area of land drained by a river

Question 7

Watershed

Answer 7

the area of high ground which separates two drainage basins

Question 8

Estuary

Answer 8

the part of a river mouth that is tidal

Question 9

Upper course

Answer 9

steep, fast flowing river with little water, lots of erosion

Question 10

Middle course

Answer 10

river starts to slow down. More water, still eroding, some deposition

Question 11

Lower course

Answer 11

river moving more slowly. Much more water, not much erosion and mainly deposition

Question 12

Hydraulic action

Answer 12

the force of fast-flowing water that breaks up the bed and banks of the river, almost like a power hose

Question 13

Abrasion

Answer 13

stones carried by the river (load) hit against the bed and banks of the river, wearing it away

Question 14

Attrition

Answer 14

when stones roll along the bed or collide with each other. River stones become round and smooth over time

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

when river water dissolves the rocks over which it flows

Question 16

Traction

Answer 16

larger stones are rolled or dragged along the river bed

Question 17

Saltation

Answer 17

lighter stones are bounced along the river bed

Question 18

Solution

Answer 18

rock is dissolved in the water, water may be clear but coloured

Question 19

Name the 4 solutions of river deposition

Answer 19

• river meets the sea or lake
• river meets an obstacle
• river overflows its banks and spreads over a floodplain causing a friction/drag between shallower water and banks making it deposit its land
• river deposition makes river mud (alluvium) which makes fields more fertile

Question 20

Name 3 features & landforms formed in the youthful stage

Answer 20

V-shaped valley
Interlocking spurs
Waterfalls

Question 21

Name 2 features & landforms formed in the mature stage

Answer 21

Meanders
Ox-bow lakes

Question 22

Name 2 features & landforms formed in the old stage

Answer 22

Levees
Floodplains

Question 23

Name 3 ways people interact with rivers

Answer 23

• Water supply
• HEP - Hydroelectric Power
• transport

Question 24

Name 2 positive impacts of dams

Answer 24

• HEP generation
• water supply & irrigation

Question 25

Name 2 negative impacts of dams

Answer 25

- displacement - environmental damage

Question 26

Name 4 reasons why flooding has increased recently

Answer 26

Population growth Building on floodplains Clearing trees for houses and farmland Heavier rainfall due to climate change

Question 27

How do we reduce flooding

Answer 27

Form a dredge slit form the bed of rivers Don’t build on floodplains Reforestation (plant more trees)