CH.10 Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What is disease transmission?

Answer 1

the transfer of a pathogen from a person infected with that pathogen to an uninfected person; transmission may occur by direct contact, through the air or water or by animal vectors, such as insects

Question 2

What is a disease carrier?

Answer 2

a person infected with a pathogen that shows no
symptoms, but can be the source of infection in
other people (not carriers of an inherited disease)

Question 3

Name the pathogen and type of [athogen for the following diseases:
Cholera
Malaria
HIV/AIDS
TB

Answer 3

Cholera-
Vibrio cholerae, bacterium (prokaryote)

Malaria-
four species of Plasmodium:
* Plasmodium falciparum
* Plasmodium malariae
* Plasmodium ovale
* Plasmodium vivax
protoctist (eukaryote)

HIV/AIDS-
human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), virus

TB -
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
Mycobacterium bovis, bacterium (prokaryote)

Question 4

What is an antibiotic:?

Answer 4

a substance derived from a living organism that is capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of a microorganism

Question 5

Ways in which antibiotics interfere with some aspect of the growth or metabolism of the target bacterium

Answer 5

• synthesis of bacterial cell walls
• activity of proteins in the cell surface
  membrane
• enzyme action
• DNA synthesis
• protein synthesis

Question 6

What is antibiotic resistance?

Answer 6

the ability of bacteria or fungi to grow in the presence of an antibiotic that would normally slow their growth or kill them; antibiotic resistance arises by mutation and becomes widespread when antibiotics are overused