Ch.10 Human Resources Flashcards
Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Management
focus on the “people” side of organizations. People are central to every aspect of firm operations – all functions must consider the human factor
Industrial and organizational psychology
which is also known as occupational psychology, organizational psychology, and work and organizational psychology, is an applied discipline within psychology.
psychology is the science of human behaviour relating to work and applies psychological theories and principles to organizations and individuals in their places of work.
I/O psychologists
are trained in the scientist–practitioner model. They contribute to an organization’s success by improving the performance, motivation, job satisfaction, and occupational safety and health as well as the overall health and well-being of its employees.
An I/O psychologist conducts research on employee behaviours and attitudes, and how these can be improved through hiring practices, training programs, feedback, and management systems.
Sandel topic
The use of economic incentives/financial incentives in various aspects of social life.
Sandel issue
Whether the use of financial incentives (market solutions) is appropriate or morally justified.
Sandel position
Financial incentives should be analyzed with a view to their moral impact on social norms.
Examples of Market Solutions to Social Problems
- North-Carolina charity Project Prevention pays drug-addicted mothers 300$ to undergo sterilization or long-term birth control.
- In US, some schools pay students for getting good grades: In New York City, 4th grades got 25$ for scoring on test; In Washington D.C.—100$ biweekly for turning in homework and attendance. In Chicago, 9th-graders get 50 for an A. In Dallas, 2nd-graders get 2$ for each book read.
- In Philadelphia, patients are paid 10$-100$ to take the prescribed drug (warfarin). In Britain, bipolar patients paid 15$ to take antipsychotic drugs.
- In Britain, National Health Service tried paying overweight people up to 612$ to lose weights.
- In 2009, General Electric began paying some of its employees 750$ to quit smoking.
Sandel argues
that market solutions frequently provide perverse incentives that corrupt a particular social norms that governed that interaction in the past.
He defines corruption as a way of treating a particular practice (good/service) according to a lower standard than is appropriate to it.
Sandel argues that the idea that economic discipline is value-free has always been difficult to defend (economist want to maximize social utility, but this makes sense only if one assumes it is something desirable)
What is the topic of Hertzberg’s paper?
Employee motivation
Hertzberg’s issue
What is the best method for motivating an employee?
Hertzberg’s position
Job enrichment is one of the more successful approaches to motivation
How do you get someone to do something?
A. KITA
NegNegativeative physical
psychological
Positive
What is KITA?
KITA (kick in the ass approach) offers carrots and sticks as the main motivation of performance.
Why is KITA not Motivation?
Remove carrot/stick and behavior stops—you need an internal motivator (generator)
KITA ensures movement—which requires constant reinforcement—not motivation, which is a result of internal engine.
What is the motivation-hygiene theory of job attitude?
Hygiene refers to external (environmental/extrinsic) factors—motivators refer to internal factors (intrinsic/generator)
