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Psychology 100 > Ch.10: Emotion & Motivation > Flashcards

Ch.10: Emotion & Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Emotion?

A

An immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts.

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2
Q

Plutchik

A

Argued for 8 basic emotions in center wheel, 8 secondary emotions in the outer wheel

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3
Q

Primary Emotions

A

Innate, Evolutionary adaptive & characteristic of all humans
Ex: anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise, contempt.

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4
Q

Secondary Emotions

A

Blends of primary emotions

Ex: remorse, guilt, submission, shame, love, bitterness, jealousy

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5
Q

Source of emotional impact

A

It is primarily our non-verbal behavior that conveys our emotions-displayed particularly through our faces

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6
Q

Expressed Emotion

A
  • Emotions are expressed on the face
  • People everywhere can recognize at least 7 basic emotions.
  • Huge difference in how they are displayed across cultures
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7
Q

Emotions are made of: Physiological arousal

A

Example (you just won $10,000 in the slot machines in Las Vegas) : Jump, shout, heart races, wave of joy in your brain

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8
Q

Emotions are made of: Cognitive interpretation

A

Example (you just won $10,000 in the slot machines in Las Vegas) : Conscious recognition of what just happened. OMG! I won! Good Fortune!

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9
Q

Emotions are made of: Subjective feelings

A

Example (you just won $10,000 in the slot machines in Las Vegas) : You feel very happy (remember times you won something and you associate that with happiness.)

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10
Q

Emotions are made of: Behavioral Expression

A

Example(you just won $10,000 in the slot machines in Las Vegas) : Danced around the room, told your friends, bought everyone a drink, called your mom, kissed the machine.

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11
Q

Where do our emotions come from?

A

-Initial fear of being hit broadside by the bus
emotional response is immediate: internal response, heart rate jumps, scream

-Gut-level responses linger after danger passes
suggests emotion operates on conscious and unconscious levels

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12
Q

The emotional brain

A

The amygdala is one of the most important brain structures for processing emotion. Before sensory information reaches the amygdala, it passes through the thalamus. From the thalamus, it may travel through the visual cortex or auditory cortex. When sensory info reaches the thalamus, it can take 2 paths. The fast path (from the thalamus to the amygdala) and the slow path (from the thalamus, through the visual/auditory cortex to the amygdala)

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13
Q

The commonsense View

A

Observe -> feel -> behave/respond

1st comes conscious awareness then comes physiological activity.

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14
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

See -> Respond -> Feel

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15
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

See -> Respond & Feel (at the same time)

  • Can be afraid in absence of a genuine threat
  • Can make yourself emotional by just thinking about something (test anxiety, stage fright)
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16
Q

Shachter SInger Two-Factor Theory

A

See -> Respond -> Label -> Feel

  • Argues that our physiology and our cognitions create emotions
  • Your belief (interpretation) of what caused the moetion will determine how you experience and label the emotion.
  • Potential for misattribution of our emotions
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17
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A
  • Certain “smarts” to understand and control one’s emotions

- Four components of EQ: perceiving emotions, using emotions, understanding emotions, managing emotions

18
Q

Polygraphs

A
  • It measures physiological response to questions
  • Breathing & heart rate
  • Highly controversial: courts do not allow polygraph results as evidence, banned in the private sector
  • Innocent people are often falsely classified as being deceptive
  • Cannot tell whether a response is due to lying, nervousness, or anything else arousing.
  • Easy to pass if you use countermeasures like counting backwards by sevens or pressing your feet to the floor during critical questions
19
Q

Motivation

A

It takes many forms, but all involve mental processes that select and direct our behavior

  1. Sensing a NEED or desire
  2. Taking ACTION to satisfy need/desire
  3. When need/desire/want is met, REDUCING THE SENSATION of need/desire/want
20
Q

How are people motivated?

A

-Close correspondence between emotion/motivation
(feeling + action -> adaptive for survival)

4 essential qualities of motivational states:

  1. energize/stimulate to activate behavior
  2. Directive by guiding behavior toward satisfying specific goals or needs
  3. Help in persistence of behavior till goals achieved or needs satisfied.
  4. But also… states differ in strength, depending on internal & external forces.
21
Q

Motivation

A
  • Observable behavior connected to internal states ( see someone eating; we become hungry- assume hunger drive at work)
  • Accounts for variability in behavior (a basketball player scores well one game but not the next - we say he or she was “unmotivated”
  • Explains perseverance despite adversity (You get to work on time, despite car trouble)
  • Relates biology to behavior (Bodily functions create motivational states)
22
Q

Instinct Theory

A

Biological processes motivate behavior; innate factors
(bird migration, fish schooling)
-biologically based behaviors -> survival

23
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

Needs produce drives that motivate behavior till drive reduced; restore balance (hunger/thirst)
Need (for water/food) -> Drive (hunger/thirst) -> Drive-reducing behaviors (eating/drinking)

24
Q

Freud’s Arousal Theory

A
  • Motivation originates in the depths of unconscious mind (sex and aggression)
  • drives are satisfied according to the pleasure principle, which encourages seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.
  • Hedonism: human’s desire for pleasantness.
25
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  • Needs occur in priority order, with the biological needs most basic. (self-actualization)
  • First comes physiological (hunger/thirst) needs and then psychological needs (achievement,self-esteem)
  • Nice model but lacks empirical support to explain range of human behavior.
26
Q

Evolutionary Theory

A

Survival & reproduction with mating and parenting at the top of the Maslow pyramid-promotes the species; motivation is related to basic survival of species

27
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Internal goals; engage in activity for its own sake

28
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

External Goals; engage in an activity to achieve an external consequence

29
Q

Homeostasis

A

The tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium

30
Q

Bandura

A
  • argued that people’s personal expectations for success play an important role in motivation.
  • Self efficacy: the expectation that your efforts will lead to success.
31
Q

Delayed Gratification

A

Postponing immediate gratification in the pursuit of long-term goals.

32
Q

If food is available, we eat when we’re hungry and when we feel full we stop eating, right?

A

WRONG

33
Q

Hunger Motivation

A

Governed by biological and psychological factors

34
Q

Hunger: biological aspects

A

Insulin: hormone secreted by pancreas, reduces glucose to control levels of fats, proteins, carbohydrates
Glucagon:hormone secreted by pancreas,
increases glucose to control levels of fats, proteins, carbohydrates

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Ventromedial hypothalamus depresses hunger stimulation.

Damage to the hypothalamus can cause someone to feel hungry all the time and eat excessively.

36
Q

Weight Set Point

A

Level of weight the body tries to maintain.

37
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate

A

Rate at which body burns energy when resting

38
Q

Set Point Theory

A

body maintains body fat and weigth levels as regulated by hypothalamus

39
Q

Weight Gain and Obesity: psychological influences

A
  1. Time of day
  2. Observing others eating tempting foods.
  3. Expectations
  4. Supersizing of portions
40
Q

Anorexia Nervosa (eating disorder)

A

Characterized by a normal-weight person (usually adolescent women) losing weight continuously and yet feeling overweight.
-most troubling; young women literally starve to death; hard to treat

41
Q

Bulimia Nervosa (eating disorder)

A

Characterized by episodes of overeating. Usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
-binge eating/purging; easier of the two to treat

Psychology 100 (1 decks)

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