ch10 Flashcards
The Internet is one large network.
F. Network of network
The Internet is flat in structure
F. It consists of multiple interconnected networks, forming a complex web of infrastructure.)
What entities make up the internet’s network infrastructure?
A) National and state government agencies
B) Nonprofit organizations
C) For-profit companies
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
D
How do networks on the internet exchange data with each other?
A) By physical mail
B) By using Internet protocols and exchanging data packets
C) By sending carrier pigeons
D) By telepathy
E) By Morse code
B
How do users typically connect to the internet?
A) Through satellite dishes
B) Through Internet cafes
C) Through an Internet service provider (ISP)
D) By using carrier pigeons
E) By smoke signals
C
What happens when a user accesses content outside their ISP’s network?
A) Data flows only within the ISP’s network
B) Data is transmitted via telepathy
C) Data flows through multiple networks linking ISPs
D) The user’s device receives the content directly
E) The user’s device becomes the ISP’s network
C
How do networks on the internet handle traffic from other networks?
A) They block all incoming traffic
B) They charge a fee for incoming traffic
C) They offer free access to all incoming traffic
D) They redirect incoming traffic to a different network
E) They send carrier pigeons to deliver incoming data packets
C
What aspect of networking is tightly regulated within this “rigidly controlled club”?
A) Application protocols
B) Physical layer standards
C) Transport layer protocols
D) Data encryption methods
E) Network security measures
C
What aspect of networking is tightly regulated within this “rigidly controlled club”?
A) Application protocols
B) Physical layer standards
C) Transport layer protocols
D) Data encryption methods
E) Network security measures
C
Which layers of the OSI model require adherence to strict standards for data exchange?
A) Presentation layer
B) Transport layer
C) Data link layer
D) Physical layer
E) Application layer
D
What flexibility does this “rigidly controlled club” allow for in terms of protocol development?
A) None; all protocols must adhere strictly to existing standards
B) Limited flexibility for minor adjustments
C) Freedom to develop new content and application protocols
D) Only allows modifications to existing protocols
E) Allowing changes only at the physical layer
C
\Which type of ISPs connect directly with tier 1 ISPs?
A) Tier 1 ISPs
B) Tier 2 ISPs
C) Tier 3 ISPs
D) Local ISPs
E) National ISPs
B
What is the primary function of Tier 2 ISPs?
A) Selling access to individuals
B) Connecting with Tier 1 ISPs
C) Selling access to local ISPs
D) Providing services to their customers
E) Exchanging data at Internet exchange point
C
Which ISPs are directly connected to individuals?
A) Tier 1 ISPs
B) Tier 2 ISPs
C) Tier 3 ISPs
D) Regional ISPs
E) National ISPs
C
Tier 1 service providers connect together and exchange data at IXPs.
T
At the top of the Internet structure are tier 1 ___________, such as AT&T and Sprint.
a. Network Access Points
b. Internet service providers
c. bridges
d. LATAs
e. digital subscriber lines
B
Tier 1 ISPs connect together and exchange data at ___________.
a. IXPs
b. cable modem termination system endpoints
c. distribution hubs
d. the Internet engineering task force headquarters
e. the Internet Society network center
A
Who primarily operates most Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in contemporary times?
A) Government agencies
B) Nonprofit organizations
C) Commercial firms
D) Educational institutions
E) Volunteer groups
C
What is a common strategy employed by regional and local ISPs to enhance the reliability of their network connections?
A) Limiting connections to a single higher-level ISP
B) Establishing multiple connections with other ISPs
C) Relying solely on Tier 1 ISPs
D) Avoiding redundancy in network connections
E) Restricting access to Internet Exchange Points
B
Why do regional and local ISPs establish multiple connections with other ISPs?
A) To increase dependency on a single higher-level ISP
B) To increase redundancy in network connections
C) To decrease the reliability of their network connections
D) To rely solely on Tier 1 ISPs
E) To restrict access to Internet Exchange Points
B
IXPs were originally designed to connect only tier 3 ISPs.
F
What is the primary function of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)?
A) Providing internet access to individuals
B) Connecting regional ISPs to tier 1 ISPs
C) Linking networks of tier 2 and tier 3 ISPs
D) Connecting tier 1 ISPs together
E) Regulating internet traffic flow
D
In addition to tier 1 ISPs, what other types of ISPs may directly connect to IXPs?
A) Only tier 2 ISPs
B) Only tier 3 ISPs
C) Only regional ISPs
D) Large tier 2 and tier 3 ISPs
E) National ISPs
D
What is the role of smaller IXPs in major cities?
A) They provide internet access to individuals
B) They link networks of regional ISPs
C) They connect tier 1 ISPs together
D) They regulate internet traffic flow
E) They only serve nonprofit organizations
B
What characterizes the nature of each Internet Service Provider (ISP) within the internet infrastructure?
A) Centralized management
B) Autonomous system
C) Government ownership
D) Nonprofit status
E) Decentralized routing protocols
B. network operated by organization
What is the primary function of an ISP’s interior routing protocol?
A) Exchange routing information with other ISPs
B) Ensure redundancy in network connections
C) Handle traffic within the ISP’s own network
D) Establish connections with regional ISPs
E) Manage Internet Exchange Points (IXPs
C. Interior protocol provide detail info abt each router and path
Which protocol do ISPs use to exchange routing information at Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) and connection points?
A) Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
B) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
C) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
D) Internet Protocol (IP)
E) User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
C. Info about preffered or best route
Peering means that a tier 1 ISP does not charge another tier 1 ISP to transmit its
messages
T
__________ has led to the belief that the Internet is “free”.
a. Encrypting
b. Peering
c. Bridging
d. Tolling
e. Polling
B
___________ refers to the fact that ISPs do not charge one another (at the same level)
for transferring messages they exchange across an NAP or MAE.
a. Popping
b. Peering
c. Yiping
d. Napping
e. Chargebacking
B
Peering has led to the emergence of a new organization type called the _______,
which permits any ISP to connect to its network.
a. gigapop
b. autonomous system
c. ISP
d. IXP
e. Service provider
D
In general, tier 3 ISPs make money by charging ________.
a. customers
b. ICANN
c. UCAID
d. the DSLAM
e. CSUs/DSUs
A
Which of the following is one of the tier 1 ISPs in North America?
a. IETF
b. IEEE
c. IAB
d. Sprint
e. ISOC
D
Which tier of ISPs is charged directly by Tier 1 ISPs for data transmission?
A) Tier 1 ISPs
B) Tier 2 ISPs
C) Tier 3 ISPs
D) Regional ISPs
E) Local ISPs
B
Who do Tier 3 ISPs typically charge for access to the internet?
A) Tier 1 ISPs
B) Tier 2 ISPs
C) Government agencies
D) Individuals and corporate users
E) Nonprofit organizations
D
A point of presence is the place at which the ISP provides services to its customers.
T
A _________ is the place at which the ISP provides services to its customers.
a. remote access point
b. network access point
c. cable modem termination system endpoint
d. point-of-presence
e. metropolitan area exchange
D
How do companies typically connect to the internet?
A) By establishing multiple POPs
B) By connecting directly to Tier 1 ISPs
C) By establishing a circuit to the ISP’s POP
D) By using satellite connections
E) By relying solely on wireless networks
C
What are the two charges that companies typically pay for internet access?
A) Local exchange charge and ISP charge
B) Circuit charge and router charge
C) ISP charge and equipment charge
D) Bandwidth charge and ISP charge
E) Circuit charge and ISP charge
E
What are the two primary services an individual subscriber technically subscribes to for internet access?
A) DNS service and ISP charge
B) Circuit charge (e.g., DSL) and ISP charge
C) Router service and ISP charge
D) Modem service and ISP charge
E) Bandwidth service and ISP charge
b
How does an individual typically connect to the internet?
A) By establishing multiple Points of Presence (POPs)
B) By connecting directly to Tier 1 ISPs
C) By subscribing to DSL or cable modem service
D) By establishing fiber optic connections
E) By using satellite connections
C
What does the telecommunications company typically do for individual subscribers in terms of billing?
A) They charge separately for circuit and ISP services
B) They bundle circuit charge and ISP charge onto one bill
C) They charge extra for router services
D) They provide internet services for free
E) They charge a flat fee regardless of usage
B
Within an ISP’s network, where do messages destined for other customers of the same ISP typically stay?
A) Within the ISP’s Points of Presence (POPs)
B) Within the ISP’s physical infrastructure
C) Within the ISP’s network backbone
D) Within the ISP’s billing system
E) Within the ISP’s customer service department
C
When messages are destined outside the ISP’s network, what is the typical route they take?
A) Directly to the recipient’s location
B) Through multiple Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
C) Through the ISP’s Points of Presence (POPs)
D) Through the ISP’s network backbone
E) Through the ISP’s customer service department
B
In the provided example, why might a message from a user in Minneapolis to an organization in Minneapolis need to travel to a distant city like Chicago, Dallas, or New York?
A) Due to the lack of connectivity between Minneapolis ISPs
B) Due to limitations in the Minneapolis ISP infrastructure
C) Due to the nearest IXP being located in one of those distant cities
D) Due to the ISP’s preference for routing messages through distant cities
E) Due to limitations in the Minneapolis ISP’s Points of Presence (POPs)
C
Which of the following is not considered a common internet access technology?
A) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
B) Cable Modem
C) Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
D) Satellite Internet
D
Technologies that provide higher-speed communications than traditional modems
(e.g., DSL) are known as ______________ technologies.
a. middleband
b. narrowband
c. rubberband
d. metalband
e. broadband
E
What term is commonly used to describe DSL and cable modem technologies?
A) Narrowband technologies
B) Dial-up technologies
C) Broadband technologies
D) Low-speed technologies
E) Legacy technologies
C
Technologies such as DSL and cable modem are called narrowband technologies.
F