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PSYCH 275 > CH1: What is Behavioral Neuroscience > Flashcards

CH1: What is Behavioral Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

The human brain has evolved and grown to about (blank) pounds

A

three

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2
Q

The human brain has (blank) neuron making 100 trillion connections

A

80

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3
Q

Human brain is involved in most (blank)

A

bodily processes

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4
Q

1990s is deemed as the (blank)

A

decade of the brain
- Period of intense research and awareness
- New understanding of neurological diseases, emotional disorders, and addictions

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5
Q

What is behavioral neuroscience?

A

A study of the relationships between behavior and the body, specifically the brain

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6
Q

What is behavior?

A

Both overt (external) and covert (internal) events

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7
Q

What does overt mean?

A

making a sound, move a particular way

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8
Q

What does covert mean?

A

learning, thinking, and emotion

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9
Q

What is dualism?

A

The idea that the mind and brain are seaparate

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10
Q

What is monism?

A

The idea that the mind and body consist of the same substance

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11
Q

What is materialistic monism?

A

The view that the body and mind and everything else are physical

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12
Q

What is a model?

A

A proposed mechanism for how something works

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13
Q

What is empiricism?

A

Gathering information through observation

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14
Q

What does localization refer to?

A

Specific areas of the brain carry out specific functions

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15
Q

What is phrenology?

A

35 different faculties of emotion, intellect found in precise areas of the brain

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16
Q

What is equipotentiality?

A

The brain can function as an undifferentiated whole

17
Q

What does nature versus nurture refer to?

A

An ongoing debate about how important heredity is relative to environmental influences in shaping behavior

18
Q

What is gene?

A

The biological unit that directs cellular processes and transmits inherited characteristics

19
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Double-stranded double helix chain of chemical molecules

20
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A fertilized egg which undergoes rapid cell division and development on its way to becoming a functioning organism

21
Q

Each parent contributes (blank) amount of chromosomes

A

23

22
Q

What is an embryo?

A

New organism as it develops over first 8 weeks

23
Q

What is a fetus?

A

Organism at developmental stage between 8 weeks and birth

24
Q

What is alleles?

A

Different versions of a gene

25
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Produces effect regardless of which allele it is paired with

26
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

Has influence only when paired with the same allele

27
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Two alleles are different

28
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

two identical alleles

29
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

An observable characteristic

30
Q

What is a genotype?

A

A combinations of alleles

31
Q

What is X-linked?

A

A characteristic produced by an unpaired gene on the X-chromosome

32
Q

What is polygenic?

A

Characteristics determined by several genes

33
Q

What is a genome?

A

All the genes in our chromosomes

34
Q

What is the human genome project?

A

A project with the goal to map the location of all the genes on the human chromosomes

35
Q

What is gene expression?

A

Translation of encoded information into production of proteins

36
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Those whose genes endow them with more adaptive traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

37
Q

What is heritability?

A

Percentage of the variation in a characteristic attributed to genetic factors

38
Q

What is vulnerability?

A

Genes contribute to predisposition for a disorder

PSYCH 275 (2 decks)

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