Ch.1 The Study of Life

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

The study of life.

Question 2

Natural Sciences

Answer 2

Field of science that is related to the physical world and it’s phenomena processes (astronomy, physics, chemistry, earth sciences, biology).

Question 3

Scientific Method steps

Answer 3

1. Make observation
2. Ask a question
3. Form a hypothesis that answers the question
4. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis
5. Do an experiment to test the hypothesis
6. Analyze the results
7. Report results

Question 4

Hypothesis

Answer 4

Suggested explanation for an observation, which one can test. Must be falsifiable

Question 5

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 5

Form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. Common in descriptive science (aims to observe, explore, and discover).

Question 6

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 6

Form of logical thinking that uses a general inclusive statement to forecast specific results. Type of logic used in hypothesis-based science (begins with specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that one can test).

Question 7

Basic Science

Answer 7

“Pure” science. Seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge.

Question 8

Applied Science

Answer 8

“Technology.” Aims to use science to solve real-world problems.

Question 9

Peer Reviewed Manuscript IMRaD format

Answer 9

(Title, author, abstract, key words), introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion/conclusion, (acknowledgement & references).

Question 10

Properties of Life

Answer 10

Order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, adaption, growth & development, regulation/homeostasis, energy processing, and evolution.

Question 11

Organization of Living Things

Answer 11

Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Question 12

Eukaryote

Answer 12

Organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 13

Prokaryote

Answer 13

Single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

Question 14

Evolution

Answer 14

The process of gradual change in a population or species over time.

Question 15

Science

Answer 15

Knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method.

Question 16

Theory

Answer 16

Tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena.

Question 17

Variable

Answer 17

Part of an experiment that the experimenter can vary or change.

Question 18

Cell

Answer 18

Smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things.

Question 19

Control

Answer 19

Part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment.

Question 20

Homeostasis

Answer 20

Ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions.

Question 21

Organelles

Answer 21

Small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions.

Question 22

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 22

Diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both; in essence, a hypothesis concerning evolutionary connections.

Question 23

First forms of life on earth…

Answer 23

Microorganisms

Question 24

Poulation

Answer 24

All of the individuals of a species living within a specific area.

Question 25

Community

Answer 25

Set of populations inhabiting a particular area.

Question 26

Feedback loop

Answer 26

Biological mechanisms in which the living body’s internal stability is maintained depending on its response.

Question 27

Positive feedback

Answer 27

Positive feedback is amplifying or magnifying the change or output. The response effect is magnified so that it can occur much faster. In this form of feedback, the output of the system is enhanced. In other words, in a positive feedback mechanism, the direction of the response is in the same direction as the initial change, resulting in a self-reinforcing loop. A good example of positive feedback involves the amplification of labor contractions. The contractions are initiated as the baby moves into position, stretching the cervix beyond its normal position. The feedback increases the strength and frequency of the contractions until the baby is born.

Question 28

Negative feedback

Answer 28

The output is decreased or inhibited. In a negative feedback mechanism, the direction of the response is opposite to the direction of the initial change, resulting in a self-regulating loop. Examples of processes controlled by negative feedback include body temperature regulation and control of blood glucose.