Ch.1 Terms Flashcards
Acculturation
refers to changes in behavior, cognitions, values, language, culture, activities, personal relational, styles, and beliefs, that a culture of minority group undergoes as it encounters the dominant culture
Enculturation
Is the socialization process through which individuals learn and acquire the cultural and psychological qualities of their own group
Universal culture
Refers to commonalities, shared by all cultures, and in fact all humankind.
(Ex. Use of language as a method of communication.)
Group culture
Involves the characteristics, shared by a cultural group or sub group.
(Ex. Asian Americans, females, individuals raised in the southern United States, those living in poverty.)
Individual culture
Consists of those behaviors, attitudes and cognition, which are unique to specific individuals
Cultural encapsulation
Is the narrow and rigid view of the world and other cultural groups that in Sue’s when one uses one’s own cultural groups as a reference and standard of normality.
Cultural identity
Refers to the degree to which individuals identify themselves as belonging to sub groups of various culture groups or categories.
Disability
Is a mental or physical impairment that affects at least one of an individual’s daily activities.
Individuals with disabilities often face discrimination referred to as ableism
Ethnicity
Refers to shared characteristics of culture, religion and language, to name a few with which a GroupMe identify.
Etic perspective vs Emic perspective
Etic perspective focuses on the universal qualities, common to all cultures and an aspects of counseling that are generalizable across cultures.
Emic perspective involves viewing each client as an individual and evaluating the client by using norms from within the clients culture. The majority of multicultural counseling literature recommends the Emic approach.
Gender
Is the expression of social categories, or gender roles, that describe behaviors, deemed appropriate fire particular culture for males and females.
Ex. Masculinity, femininity, and androgyny.
Generational status
Refers to clusters of particular age groups within a particular social and historical context. Generations typically span a range of 15 to 20 years.
(Ex. Gen Z, millennials, baby boomers)
Individualism vs collectivism
Individualism is the notion that our behaviors and attitudes are guided by incentives that promote self determination or independence.
Collectivism refers to the idea that decisions and Thus what is deemed important are based on the betterment of others, such as a community or family members
Privilege vs oppression
Privilege refers to the often unconscious and unlearned power access to resources, advantage, and social position based on cultural group memberships.
Oppression refers to lack of power, and assessability of resources, disadvantage, and minority social status.
Race
Is the arbitrary, socially constructed classification of individuals, and is often based on physical distinctions, such as skin, color, hair, texture, facial form, and shape of the eye.
Sexual orientation vs sexual identity
Sexual orientation refers to sexual or affectional attraction to the same or opposite gender or both.
Sexual identity describes the degree of identification with a particular sexual orientation.
Social advocacy and social justice
Social advocacy refers to the promotion of an idea, policy or cause that betters the lives of those who experience oppression.
Social justice is the realization of a just an equitable world for all individuals.
Socioeconomic status (SES)
Is typically indicated by household income education level, occupational status, use of public assistance and access to healthcare.
Spirituality and religion
Spirituality refers to the connections individuals have with themselves in the universe as a whole. It provides direction meaning and purpose and guides other aspects of culture identity so the individuals can promote optimal mental functioning.
Religion is an organization of spirituality. It consists of the behaviors and practices of an individuals faith.
