Ch.1 Study Guide

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and volume (takes up space)

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

the quantity of matter in an object (also, how much force it takes to accelerate it)

Question 3

Volume

Answer 3

the amount of space occupied by an object

Question 4

Physical properties

Answer 4

identifying characteristics that can be determined without changing the
composition of the material. Ex. – boiling point, volume, solubility, color

Question 5

Sample

Answer 5

(how much you have). Ex. – length, quantity of heat, mass, volume

Question 6

Chemical properties

Answer 6

Eidentifying characteristics of a material that can only be determined by
an attempt to change the composition of the material; describes the ability to be changed, not the actual process of changing. Ex. – flammability, oxidation, reaction with acids.

Question 7

States of matter

Answer 7

physical form of materials.

Question 8

Solids

Answer 8

state of matter that has both a definite volume and a definite shape.

Question 9

Liquids

Answer 9

state of matter that can flow and has a definite volume but assumes the shape of its container.

Question 10

Gases

Answer 10

state of matter that can flow and has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

Question 11

Physical changes

Answer 11

alteration to materials in which shape, number of pieces, or state is
different but the identifying characteristics remain the same. Ex. - melting, bending,
breaking, dissolving.

Question 12

Chemical changes

Answer 12

alteration to materials in which the composition of the material is different; a new material is produced; describes the actual process of change. Ex. - burning, decomposing, explosions, rusting, any reaction which makes a new material

Question 13

Sign of a chemical change (color)

Answer 13

Change in color

Question 14

Sign of a chemical change (odor)

Answer 14

Change in odor

Question 15

Sign of a chemical change (new substance)

Answer 15

Production of a new substance
Gas (seen as bubbles)
Solid (seen as a “precipitate” or other new, solid substance)

Question 16

Sign of a chemical change(energy)

Answer 16

Energy change that did not result from adding or removing heat/energy manually

Question 17

A decrease in temperature indicates that

Answer 17

heat was absorbed by the reaction from the environment (endothermic)

Question 18

An increase in temperature indicates that

Answer 18

Heat was absorbed by the reaction from the environment (endothermic)

Question 19

Pure substance

Answer 19

material that cannot be physically separated into its components. Elements and compounds (molecules and ionic compounds) are pure substances.

Question 20

Mixture

Answer 20

material that can be physically separated into its components

Question 21

Mixtures

Answer 21

type of matter that contains two or more materials that are not chemically bonded and are not in a definite ratio (proportion), can be physically separated into its components

Question 22

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 22

Composition is NOT the same throughout. Matter that contains two or more materials not chemically bonded, and has visually distinguishable parts. Ex. – soil, vegetable soup, beach sand.

Question 23

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 23

Composition is the same throughout. Matter that contains two or more materials not chemically bonded, and has no visually distinguishable parts. Ex. – soda, air, brass.

Question 24

Separating mixtures

Answer 24

techniques or processes for isolating one component of a mixture from the others.

Question 25

Filtration

Answer 25

separation technique that uses a porous barrier to isolate a solid from a liquid.

Question 26

Evaporation

Answer 26

separation technique removes the liquid from a solution as a vapor.

Question 27

Elements

Answer 27

homogeneous type of matter that consists of only one kind of atom; cannot be further separated into simple substances by ordinary physical or chemical means. Ex. – iron, neon, carbon.

Question 28

Compounds

Answer 28

homogeneous type of matter that consists of two or more elements, chemically bonded, in a definite ratio. Can be chemically separated into elements. Ex. – water, sodium chloride, carbon dioxide (CO2).