Ch.1 Scientific Thinking

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

Study of life

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

How genes and and characteristics move from one generation to another

Question 3

3 characteristics of life

Answer 3

1: all life is based on cells
2: all life is able to acquire energy from environment through metabolism
3: all life is able to reproduce independtly

Question 4

Level of organization

Answer 4

1: atoms (simplest form of matter)
2: molecules and macromolecules (collection of atoms)
3: cells (collection of macromolecules and assembles of macromolecules)
4: tissues (collections of different types of cells )
5: organs (collection of tissues)
6: organisms (collection of organs)
7: population (collection of organisms of the same species)
8: community (collection of population of many different species)
9: ecosystem (collection of different communities)
10: biosphere (collection of all ecosystems on planet earth)

Question 5

Evolutionary history

Answer 5

1: life began on earth as primitive cells: 3.5 to 4 billion years ago
2: does primitive cells underwent evolutionary change

Question 6

Evolutionary change

Answer 6

Modifications of characteristics and pre-existing populations

Question 7

To mechanisms of evolutionary change

Answer 7

A) vertical descent with modification

1: progression of changes in a lineage
2: New species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations
3: natural selection takes advantage of beneficial mutations

B) horizontal gene transfer

1: genetic exchange between different species
2: relatively rare
3: Gene for antibiotic resistance are sometimes transferred between different bacteria species

Question 8

Taxonomy

Answer 8

Grouping of species based on common ancestry

Question 9

Three domains

Answer 9

A. Bacteria- uni cellular prokaryote

B. Archaea- unicellular prokaryote

C. Eukarya- unicellular to multicellular eukaryotes

Question 10

Four kingdoms

Answer 10

Protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

Question 11

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 11

Amphiprion ocellaris= ocellaris clownfish

2: genus name capitalized
3: specific epithet or species descriptors is not capitalized

Question 12

Genome

Answer 12

A. Complete genetic makeup of an organism

Question 13

Genomics

Answer 13

Techniques used to analyze DNA sequence in genomes

Question 14

Proteomes

Answer 14

Complete complement of Proteins to a cell or organism can make using the genome that carries information to make its Proteomes

Question 15

Proteomics

Answer 15

Techniques used to analyze the proteomes of a single species or to compare proteomes of different species

Question 16

Gene expression

Answer 16

DNA—>RNA—>proteins—>traits

Question 17

Hypothesis

Answer 17

Proposed explanation

Question 18

Theory

Answer 18

Broad generalization of some aspect of the natural world that is substantiated By a large body of evidence

Question 19

Law or principle

Answer 19

Universal truth considered correct under all conditions

Question 20

Summary

Answer 20

A) always valid (law)

B) repeatedly tested (theory)

C) narrow in scope (hypothesis)

Question 21

Scientific method five stages

Answer 21

Make observations
Form a hypothesis
Test hypothesis
Analyze data
Form a conclusion

Question 22

Elements common to most experiments

Answer 22

1: treatment- any experimental condition applied to individuals

2: experimental group- a group of individuals who are exposed to a particular treatment
3: control group- a group of individuals treated identically to the experimental group except they are not exposed to the treatment

4: variables- characteristics of your experimental system that are subject to change
5: statistics- a set of analytical and mathematical tools designed to help researchers gain understanding from the data they gather

Question 23

Science

Answer 23

Study of the natural life