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BSC2085 > Ch1 Sciences Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Ch1 Sciences Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Study of the function of the body parts

A

Physiology

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1
Q

Study of structure and form

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Examines structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye

A

Microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

Study of body cells and their internal structure

A

Cytology

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4
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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5
Q

Investigates the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye such as the intestines and stomach brain heart and kidneys

A

Gross anatomy also called macroscopic anatomy

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6
Q

Includes systemic anatomy, regional anatomy, surface anatomy, comparative anatomy and embryology

A

Gross anatomy

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7
Q

Studies the anatomy of each functional body system example urinary system involving examining kidneys and organs of year and transport and storage which are the ureters and urethra and urinary bladder

A

systemic anatomy

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8
Q

Studies all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit

A

Regional anatomy

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9
Q

Focusus on both the superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures I relate to the skin covering them

A

Surface anatomy

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10
Q

Examines similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

A

Comparative anatomy

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11
Q

Is the discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

A

Embryology

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12
Q

Examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

A

Pathologic anatomy

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13
Q

Investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as ultrasound, MRI or x-ray

A

Radiographic anatomy

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14
Q

Examines the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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15
Q

Examines her nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous system and how nervous system organs work

A

Neurophysiology

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16
Q

Studies how respiratory gases Are transferred by gas exchange between the lungs and blood vessels supplying the lungs among other things

A

Respiratory physiology

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17
Q

Explores how the regulation of reproductive hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell production and maturation

A

Reproductive physiology

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18
Q

Investigates the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to that organ system

A

Pathophysiology

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19
Q

Focus on the form and structures of the small intestine

A

Anatomists

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20
Q

Focus on the function of the small intestine

A

Physiologists

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21
Q

All organisms exhibit a complex structure and order. In the next section we observed that the human body has several increasingly complex levels of organization

A

Organization

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22
Q

Defined as the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the body

A

Metabolism

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23
Q

Small molecules are joined to form larger molecules

A

Anabolism

24
Q

Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

A

Catabolism

25
Q

The ability to sense and react to stimuli.

A

Responsiveness

26
Q

An organism must be able to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face and environmental changes

A

Regulation

27
Q

Refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment, or steady-state

A

Homeostasis

28
Q

The simplest level, and it involves Atoms and molecules

A

Chemical level

29
Q

The smallest unit of matter

A

Atoms

30
Q

Formed when two or more atoms combine

A

Molecule

31
Q

Include some proteins and the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules

A

Macromolecules

32
Q

Macro molecules form specialized microscopic subunits in cells called____________,Which are microscopic structures found with cells

A

Organelles

33
Q

The smallest living structures and serve as the basic unit of structure and function in organisms

A

Cellular level consist of cells

34
Q

Groups of similar cells that perform common functions

A

Tissue level consist of tissues

35
Q

Contains two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions

A

Organ level is composed of organs

36
Q

Contains related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function

A

Organ system level

37
Q

Highest level of structural organization in the body

A

Organismal level

38
Q

Commonly denoted, each composed of interrelated organs that work in concert to perform specific functions.

A

Organ systems

39
Q

Major components and characteristics of the 11 organ systems of the human body are

A

Integumentary system, muscular system, skeletal system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system

40
Q

Provide protection, regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, prevent water loss

A

Integumentary system

41
Q

Provide support and protection site of hemopoiesis, (blood cell production), stores calcium and phosphorus, provide sites for muscle attachments

A

Skeletal system

42
Q

Produces body movement, generates heat when muscles contract

A

Muscular system

43
Q

A regulatory system that controls body movements by initiating responses to muscles, processes, and response to sensory stimuli. Also responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory

A

Nervous system

44
Q

Consist of glands and so clusters that secrete hormones, which regulate development, growth and metabolism, maintain homeostasis of blood composition and volume, control digestive processes, and control reproduction

A

Endocrine system

45
Q

Consist of the heart and blood vessels, the heart moves and blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products

A

Cardiovascular system

46
Q

Transports and filters lymph ( interstitial fluid transported through lymph vessels) and participates in then immune response when necessary

A

Lymphatic system

47
Q

Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs

A

Respiratory system

48
Q

Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine and expels urine from the body

A

Urinary system

49
Q

Mechanically and chemically digest food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products

A

Digestive system

50
Q

Produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (testosterone) transfer sperm to the female

A

Male reproductive system

51
Q

Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone), receives sperm for mail, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and development of an embryo and fetus, produces and secretes breastmilk for nourishment of newborn

A

Female reproductive system

52
Q

Stands upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor the upper limbs are at the sides of the body and the palms face anteriorly toward the front the head is level and The eyes look forward toward the observer

A

Anatomic position

53
Q

Three major anatomic planes of reference are

A

Coronal transverse and midsagittal

54
Q

Also, a frontal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body organ into anterior front and posterior back part

A

Coronal

55
Q

Also called a horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane, divides the body or organ into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts

A

Transverse plane

56
Q

Or median plane, is a vertical plane and divides the body organ into left and right halves

A

Midsagittal

57
Q

A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or right of the midsagittal plane

Divides a structure into left and right portions that may not be equal

A

Sagittal plane

58
Q

Pass through a structure at an angle

A

Oblique planes

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