Ch1 Review: Physical, inorganic and organic chemistry Flashcards
according to bronsted lowry
any reaction that involves a transfer of hydrogen ion is acid/base reaction
dissociation is
process in which mol’(or ion/complex) separate into smaller particles in a reversable manner.
electrolyte is
substance whose aq solution conduct electricity (acid,base and salt)
osmosis is
process by which molecules of a solvent pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
osmotic pressure
amount of pressure needed to stop net movement of solvent
solubility is
degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent to make a solution
mole is

molar mass

mole

two acid theories

what is Ka?

pH calculation:

Electrolytes:
substances which dissociate to ions during interaction with molecules of a polar solvent and are capable of conducting an electric current in the solution

In extremely diluted solutions of strong electrolytes, their ions are in a sufficient distance from each
other and their charges are not mutually influenced. Because of electrostatic ion-ion interactions in the
solution, the more concentrated solutions of strong electrolytes behave differently from an ideal state.
Due to electrostatic forces the ions are less mobile and the solution behaves as if there were a lower
number of ions. These differences are expressed by correction coefficients.
The product of the activity coefficient and concentration then gives the activity of ions ai
The unit of activity is the same as that for concentration, to which it is related (mol l−1 or mol kg−1 of H2O).
conjugate pair
According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton donor, a base is a proton acceptor. When
H+ is released from the acid, its conjugate base is formed. When a base accepts a proton, it is transformed
into the conjugate acid. Acid and its conjugate base or the base and its conjugate acid form a
conjugate pair.

autoprotolysis:
self-ionisation
example: Water molecules have an amphiprotic character – they can release or accept protons.
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

The oxidation state,
The oxidation state, sometimes referred to as oxidation number, describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state, which may be positive, negative or zero, is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic, with no covalent component. This is never exactly true for real bonds.