CH1 Quiz Flashcards
Longitudinal studies test people:
over long periods of time.
Attachment theory was formulated by:
John Bowlby.
A major problem with conducting true experiments in developmental science is that that they may:
be unethical.
The principle that one needs to select the environment that is right for one’s talents and skills is called the _____ fit.
person-environment
Two specific areas in human development include _____ and _____.
adult development; gerontology
James and his identical twin brother Henry were raised by different parents. If James and Henry met as adults, they would tend to be MOST similar in:
intelligence quotient (IQ).
The fact that lifespan development draws information from a variety of disciplines such as nursing, psychology, and neuroscience demonstrates that lifespan development is:
multidisciplinary.
_____ is a field devoted to scientifically determining the role that hereditary forces play in determining individual differences.
Behavioral genetics
Dr. Leech believes in the value of using many different approaches to understand development. Dr. Leech is adopting the _____ approach.
developmental systems
Josephine has just given birth without a spouse. According to recent statistics, her infant joins the ranks of the _____ percent of U.S. babies born to unmarried women.
48
Which statement is true?
Women are more physiologically “hardy” than men.
People who stay in longitudinal studies tend to be:
highly motivated and successful.
When researchers test groups of people and use numerical scales and statistics, they are conducting:
quantitative research.
What is Erik Erikson’s first psychosocial task?
basic trust
Dr. Styler studies universal human tendencies, speculating that these are biological predispositions that promote survival. Dr. Styler is a(n):
evolutionary psychologist.
A cross-sectional study compares people:
in different age groups at the same time.
Correlational research:
cannot tell about specific causes or determine what causes what.
This field of study is related to gerontology.
adult development
According to traditional behaviorists, one’s voluntary actions are learned by:
operant conditioning.
When was the first institute in the United States devoted to studying child development established?
1890s
Ingrid fills out a questionnaire to examine her attitudes toward child discipline. This measurement strategy is called a(n):
self-report strategy.
A culture that emphasizes independence, competition, and personal success is called:
individualistic.
Genetically determined interests cause people to put themselves in specific environments. The term for this nature-evokes-nurture principle is:
active forces.
Built-in temperamental tendencies cause people to act towards others in specific ways. The name for this nature-nurture interaction is:
evocative forces.
By randomly assigning people to different conditions in an experiment, a researcher ensures that:
pre-existing differences between the participants “wash out.”
Which of the following is NOT an example of a bidirectional relationship?
Mrs. Taylor enjoys doing homework with her son in the evening.
Irma has reached the biological limit of human life, or maximum lifespan. Irma is about age:
105.
_____ theorists stress the power of modeling in determining one’s actions.
Social learning
Genetic tendencies shape the environments to which people are exposed during life. Nature shapes nurture through both _____ and _____ forces.
evocative; active
Twin and adoption studies suggest that _____ often plays an important role in human development.
genetics
The term for the degree to which a behavior is shaped by genetic forces is:
heritability.
At birth, a person’s fifty-fifty chance of living to a given age is called the:
average life expectancy.
Lifespan developmentalists are:
researchers and practitioners from multiple disciplines.
Professor Cook does qualitative research, which means that she is not interested in making _____, but in conducting _____.
numerical comparisons between groups; in-depth interviews
Behaviorists emphasize the crucial role of _____ on behavior.
the environment
Professor Carter and her research assistants are conducting a study that involves watching children in a 1st-grade classroom. This study involves:
naturalistic observation.
Lifespan development began as the study of:
childhood and adolescence.
