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Network Concepts ITN101 > Ch1 Intro to Networking > Flashcards

Ch1 Intro to Networking Flashcards

1
Q

AD (active directory)

A

central directory database with user account info and security for entire group of computers and network

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2
Q

AD DS (active directory domain services)

A

active directory service that manages user sign in protocols for network access to resources

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3
Q

API (application programming interface) call

A

process an application uses to make a request to the operating server

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4
Q

application layer

A

application protocols enable software to negotiate format, procedure, security, synchronization, and other network requirements. 7th layer of OSI model.

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5
Q

backbone

A

central channel of network that connects network segments and shared devices (“network of networks”)

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6
Q

bus topology

A

single cable connects all nodes on a network

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7
Q

CAN (campus area network)

A

network of connected LANs within limited geographical area

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8
Q

catastrophic failure

A

destroys component beyond use

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9
Q

client

A

computer or application making a request (to another computer or application)

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10
Q

client-server application

A

data or service requested by one computer from another

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11
Q

client-server network model

A

network where resources are managed by the NOS (network operating system) via a central directory database

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12
Q

connectionless protocol

A

transport layer protocol that services request without a verified session and with no guaranteed delivery (fast though)

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13
Q

connection-oriented protocol

A

transport layer protocol that requires established connection between communicating nodes before transmitting data

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14
Q

data link layer

A

bridges the physical layer’s networking media with network layer processes. 2nd layer of OSI model.

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15
Q

data link layer address

A

same as Media access control (MAC). a 48- or 64- bit network interface identifier including an OUI assigned by the IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by manufacturer

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16
Q

datagram

A

a user datagram protocol (UDP) message at the transport layer

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17
Q

decapsulation

A

removing the header or trailer from a lower OSI layer

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18
Q

domain

A

group of users, servers, and resources that share account and security privileges

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19
Q

emergency alert system

A

generates loud noise and flashing lights in response to environmental threat (may send messages as well)

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20
Q

encapsulation

A

adding a header to data inherited from the layer above

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21
Q

ESD (electrostatic discharge)

A

transfer of static electricity. Transfer of electrical charge between bodies.

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22
Q

fail close

A

system default that denies access during a system or network failure

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23
Q

fail open

A

system default that allows access during a system or network failure

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24
Q

fire suppression system

A

system designed to combat fire outbreak

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25
firmware
programs embedded into hardware devices
26
fragmentation
network layer service subdivides packets into smaller packets when too big
27
frame
data link layer message, including the header, payload, and trailer
28
FTP (file transfer protocol)
application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP
29
grounding
connecting device directly to the earth to release energy in the event of a short circuit
30
hardware address
same as Media access control (MAC). a 48- or 64- bit network interface identifier including an OUI assigned by the IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by manufacturer
31
header
area at beginning of payload where protocols add control information
32
host
any computer or device on a network that provides or uses a resource, such as data or an application
33
HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)
application layer protocol that formulates and interprets requests between web clients and servers
34
HTTPS (HTTP secure)
URL prefix that requires webpage data to be exchanged between client and server using SSL or TLS encryption
35
hub
outdated connectivity device that retransmits incoming data signals to multiple ports (physical layer OSI)
36
hybrid topology
physical topology that combines characteristics of multiple simple physical topologies
37
IMAP4 (internet message access protocol, version 4)
mail retrieval protocol that allows users to store messages on the mail server
38
IP (internet protocol)
core network OSI protocol that provides info on how and where data should be delivered
39
IP address
unique network layer address assigned to each node on a TCP/IP network
40
knowledge base
collection of accumulated insights and solutions to problems encountered on a network
41
LAN (local area network)
network of computers and devices confined to a small space. Each node can communicate directly with others on the same LAN
42
logical topology
way in which data is transmitted between nodes, including how network access and resource sharing are controlled
43
MAC (media access control) address
a 48- or 64- bit network interface identifier including an OUI assigned by the IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by manufacturor
44
MAN (metropolitan area network)
network of connected LANs within a limited geographical area, such as multiple city government buildings
45
mesh topology
network with several interconnected nodes. No single node controls communication on the network.
46
MSDS (material safety data sheets)
instructions for dealing with dangerous substances, including handling and disposal
47
network
group of computers and devices connected by and can exchange data with transmission media (cable, wire, atmosphere)
48
network layer
responsible for moving messages between networks. 3rd OSI layer (internet layer).
49
network service
resource made available by the network to users (applications, data)
50
NIC (network interface card)
device that allows a workstation to connect to the network and communicate with other computers
51
node
computer or device on a network that can be addressed on the local network
52
NOS (network operating system)
software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and network functions
53
OSHA (occupational safety & health administration)
federal agency that regulates workplace safety
54
OSI (open systems interconnection) reference model
model for understanding, developing, and troubleshooting computer-to-computer communication
55
P2P (peer-to-peer) network model)
the OS of each computer on the network is responsible for controlling access to its resources
56
PAN (personal area network)
network of personal devices (ex: phone, laptop, printer)
57
payload
data passing between applications or utility programs and the operating system, including control info
58
PDU (protocol data unit)
unit of data at any layer of OSI model
59
physical address
same as Media access control (MAC). a 48- or 64- bit network interface identifier including an OUI assigned by the IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by manufacturer
60
physical layer
sends bits via wired or wireless transmission. First layer of OSI.
61
physical topology
physical layer of media, nodes, and devices on a network
62
POP3 (post office protocol, version 3)
application layer protocol to retrieve messages from a mail server. Messages previously stored on the mail server are downloaded to the client's workstation and then deleted from the main server.
63
port
number that identifies a process, ie application or service, running on a computer (TCP & UDP ensure data is transmitted to correct process)
64
PPE (personal protective equipment)
wearable equipment to increase worker safety
65
presentation layer
protocols reformat, compress, and encrypt data for the receiving application to read. 6th layer of OSI model.
66
protocol
standard method for formatting communication between network devices
67
RDP (remote desktop protocol)
application layer protocol that uses TCP/IP to transmit graphics and text quickly over a remote client-host connection (carries session, licensing, encryption info)
68
remote application
application that is installed and executed on a server, presented to user at client computer
69
remote desktop services
allow Windows technicians to manage remote applications
70
ring topology
network layout in which each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so the entire network forms a circle. Data is transmitted in one direction around ring. Each node accepts and responds to packets addressed to it, then forwards packets on to the next node.
71
router
Layer 3 device that uses logical addressing info to direct data between 2+ networks and finds best path for traffic to flow
72
scalable
network property that allows an administrator to add nodes or increase size easily
73
segment
TCP message at the transport level
74
server
any computer or application that provides a service to other devices
75
session layer
how data is synced between applications and recovered. 5th layer of OSI model.
76
SFTP (secure file transfer protocol)
securely copies files between hosts (in SSH)
77
SMTP (secure message transfer protocol)
application protocol to move messages from email server to another
78
SNMP (simple network management protocol)
application protocol (in TCP/IP) to monitor and manage network devices
79
SOHO (small office-home office) network
network with less than 10 workstations
80
SSH (secure shell)
connection utility that provides authentication and encryption (used to log onto host)
81
SSL (secure sockets layer)
method of encrypting TCP/IP transmissions, including webpages and data in forms, en route between the client and server
82
star topology
topology in which every node is connected to a central device
83
star-bus topology
hybrid topology in which groups of workstations are connected in a star fashion to connectivity devices networked in a single bus
84
static electricity
electrical charge at rest. When transferred, it creates electrostatic charge (ESD).
85
switch
connectivity device that logically subdivides the network into smaller, individual collision domains
86
TCP (transmission control protocol)
makes a connection with the end host, checks whether data is received, and resends it if not (part of TCP/IP)
87
TCP/IP
suite of networking protocols that provides the foundation for data exchange across the internet
88
Telnet
terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the TCP/IP protocol
89
TLS (transport layer security)
encryption for TCP/IP based on secure sockets layer (SSL)
90
topology
how parts of a whole work together
91
trailer
control information attached to the end of a packet by a data link layer protocol
92
transport layer
responsible for transporting application layer payloads from one application to another. 4th level of OSI model.
93
trip hazard
items on the ground that could cause someone to stumble
94
UDP (user datagram protocol)
TCP/IP that does not guarantee delivery because it does not make the connection before sending data or check to confirm the data is received
95
upset failure
damage that can shorten the life of a component and/or cause intermittent errors
96
WAN (wide area network)
network that spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs

Network Concepts ITN101 (2 decks)

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