Ch.1 History of Family Therapy: Evolution and Revolution Flashcards
Two forms family members tried to assist each other.
- Elders gave younger members of family clans and tribes advice on interpersonal relationships.
- Adult members of these social units took care of the very young and very old.
4 factors combined to make family therapy accepted.
- growth of the number of women enrolled in colleges and demand for family life education.
- initial establishment of marriage counseling
- founding of the National Council of Family Relations in 1938 and the est. of it’s journal Marriage and Family Living.
- work of county home extension agents. (Alfred Adler)
American Association of Marriage Counselors was created in:
1942 by Earnest Groves and is now the Groves Conference to Study the impact of globalization on families.
Family Therapy: 1940-1949
Forming of the AAMC 1942
First publication of concurrent marital therapy by Bela Mittleman
Studies of schizophrenia in families by Theodore Litz and others
Passage of National Mental Health Act 1946
National Mental Health Act 1946:
authorizing funds for research, demonstration, training, and assistance to states in the use of most effective methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders.
Family therapy: 1950-1959
Formulation of the Double Bind Theory by the Bateson Group
Advocacy for working with families by Nathan Ackerman
Creation of Mental Research Institute by Don Jackson (1958)
Influence of Milton Erickson’s techniques by Jay Haley
Influence of Carl Whitaker and his owrk on dual therapy (conjoint couple therapy)
Formation of initial ideas about his idea of family therapy by Murray Bowen
Family Therapy:1960s
Jay Hayley develops his own version of strategic family therapy
Salvador Minuchin creates structural family therapy
Virginia Satir originates a version of experiential family therapy.
John bell works with families as if they were groups of strangers
systems theory is adopted as a way to work with families
various institutes on family therapy are formed.
Family Therapy:1970s
AAMFT membership increases over 700%
The American Family Therapy Academy is founded.
Foreign Therapies and therapists (especially Milan Group) grow in influence.
Family enrichment becomes much more pervalent.
Feminism theory is introduced into the family therapy field.
Family Therapy:1980s
New leadership emerged in family therapy with many of the leaders being women.
The field of family therapy grew with psychology and counseling adding divisions.
There was increased emphasis on research in family therapy and more publications of books and periodicals in the field.
Multisystemic therapy became prominent in working with juvenile offenders.
Family therapy was listed as one of four professions eligiable for mental health traineeships.
Family Therapy: 1990s
New theories and specialties emerged within family therapy, e.g., the reflective team.
Social constructionism became more prominent.
Increased emphasis was put on the new epistemology and second order- cybernetics.
More emphasi was placed on educationg practitioners to work with special types of families.
Family Therapy:2000-2009
The growth influence of family therapy became more international.
Licensure of family therapists was achieved in all 50 states.
Accreditation of family therapy education programs grew.
Research on the effect of family therapy on different cultural groups grew.
New versions of what it was like to work with families developed.
Family Therapy: 2000-2018
Scholarly family therapy journals were put online and technology became more prominent.
New codes of ethics were developed.
The 5th edition of the DSM was published and affected.
Reimbursement of family therapists by insurance companies.
Same-sex marriage became more prominent, accepted and protected.
Double Bind
theory states that two seemingly contradictory messages may exist on different levels and lead to confusion, if not schizophrenic behavior.
