CH1-Database fundamentals Flashcards
information system
-is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information
Input/Processing/Output/Storage
—> a computer processes data into information
Input
- any data the computer collects from the outside world
a) Data: raw facts about things and events
b) Information: transformed data that has value for decision making
c) Essential to organize data for retrieval and maintenance
Output
-any information the computer sends to the
outside world
Examples: A sales report, list of names, graphic images, or a sound
Data
-recorded facts and figures
–>Databases record data, but they do so in such a way that we can produce information from the data
Information
knowledge derived from data
Databases
A DB contain both:
a) entities
b) relationships among entities
Entity:
-cluster of data about a topic (person, place, thing or event
Relationship
-connection among entities
• A typical DB may have hundreds of entities and
relationships
The Characteristics of Databases
1) The purpose of a database is to help people track things of interest to them.
2)Data is stored in tables, which have rows and columns like a spreadsheet.
–>Each row in a table stores data about an
occurrence or instance of the thing of interest
3)A database may have multiple tables, where each table stores data about a different thing.
TABLES
Relational database is a collection of tables:
• table name and column names (FIELDS)
• rows, occurrences of data (REGISTERS)
Structured Query Language (SQL)
-internationally recognized standard database language that is used by all commercial DBMSs
Components of a database system with SQL
1) Users
2) Database application= computer programs that users work with.
3) Database management system(DBMS)= creates, processes and administers databases
4) Data base
Basic Functions of Application Programs
- Create and process forms
- Process user queries
- Create and process reports
- Execute application logic
- Control the application itself
Functions of a DBMS
- Create database
- Create tables
- Create supporting structures (e.g., Indexes)
- Modify (insert, update, or delete) database data
- Read database data
- Maintain database structures
- Enforce rules
- Perform backup and recovery
Database
- is a self-describing collection of integrated tables.
a) self-describing= it stores a description of itself
b) integrated tables= they store data about the relationships between rows of data
c) metadata= self describing data (data about data)
Typical Metadata Tables
1) Tables of user data
2) Metadata
3) indexes
4) user defined functions
5) stored procedures
6) Triggers
7) Security data
8) backup/recovery data
Microsoft Access
-a low-end product intended for individual users and small workgroups.
- is a DBMS plus an application generator
–>The DBMS creates, processes, and administers
Microsoft Access databases.
–>The application generator includes query, form,
and report components - Microsoft Access tries to hide much of the underlying database technology from the user.
- This is a good strategy for beginners, but not for database professionals.
The Microsoft Access DBMS engine is called the Access Data Engine (ADE).
• Microsoft Access 2000 thru 2019 can be used as an
application generator for the Microsoft SQL Server DBMS or MySql DBMS.
Types of Database Design
- the creation of the proper structure of:
a) database tables
b) the proper relationships between tables
c) appropriate data constraints, and other structural components of the database.
Types of Database Design Process
1) From existing data (Chapters 3 and 4)
– Analyze spreadsheets and other data tables
– Extract data from other databases
– Design using normalization principles
2) New systems development (Chapters 5 and 6)
– Crete data model from application requirements
– Transform data model into database design
The Relational Database Model
The dominant database model is the relational database model—all current major DBMS products are based on it.
non-relational DBMSs
NoSQL Movement and Big Data
**These do not replace the relational model, but rather
complement it.
