CH1-Database fundamentals

Question 1

information system

Answer 1

-is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information

Input/Processing/Output/Storage

—> a computer processes data into information

Question 2

Input

Answer 2

• any data the computer collects from the outside world
  a) Data: raw facts about things and events
  b) Information: transformed data that has value for decision making
  c) Essential to organize data for retrieval and maintenance

Question 3

Output

Answer 3

-any information the computer sends to the
outside world

                              Examples: A sales report, list of names, graphic images, or a sound

Question 4

Data

Answer 4

-recorded facts and figures

–>Databases record data, but they do so in such a way that we can produce information from the data

Question 5

Information

Answer 5

knowledge derived from data

Question 6

Databases

Answer 6

A DB contain both:

a) entities
b) relationships among entities

Question 7

Entity:

Answer 7

-cluster of data about a topic (person, place, thing or event

Question 8

Relationship

Answer 8

-connection among entities
• A typical DB may have hundreds of entities and
relationships

Question 9

The Characteristics of Databases

Answer 9

1) The purpose of a database is to help people track things of interest to them.

2)Data is stored in tables, which have rows and columns like a spreadsheet.
–>Each row in a table stores data about an
occurrence or instance of the thing of interest

3)A database may have multiple tables, where each table stores data about a different thing.

Question 10

TABLES

Answer 10

Relational database is a collection of tables:
• table name and column names (FIELDS)
• rows, occurrences of data (REGISTERS)

Question 11

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Answer 11

-internationally recognized standard database language that is used by all commercial DBMSs

Question 12

Components of a database system with SQL

Answer 12

1) Users
2) Database application= computer programs that users work with.
3) Database management system(DBMS)= creates, processes and administers databases
4) Data base

Question 13

Basic Functions of Application Programs

Answer 13

• Create and process forms
• Process user queries
• Create and process reports
• Execute application logic
• Control the application itself

Question 14

Functions of a DBMS

Answer 14

• Create database
• Create tables
• Create supporting structures (e.g., Indexes)
• Modify (insert, update, or delete) database data
• Read database data
• Maintain database structures
• Enforce rules
• Perform backup and recovery

Question 15

Database

Answer 15

• is a self-describing collection of integrated tables.
  a) self-describing= it stores a description of itself
  b) integrated tables= they store data about the relationships between rows of data
  c) metadata= self describing data (data about data)

Question 16

Typical Metadata Tables

Answer 16

1) Tables of user data
2) Metadata
3) indexes
4) user defined functions
5) stored procedures
6) Triggers
7) Security data
8) backup/recovery data

Question 17

Microsoft Access

Answer 17

-a low-end product intended for individual users and small workgroups.

• is a DBMS plus an application generator
  –>The DBMS creates, processes, and administers
  Microsoft Access databases.
  –>The application generator includes query, form,
  and report components
• Microsoft Access tries to hide much of the underlying database technology from the user.
• This is a good strategy for beginners, but not for database professionals.

The Microsoft Access DBMS engine is called the Access Data Engine (ADE).

• Microsoft Access 2000 thru 2019 can be used as an
application generator for the Microsoft SQL Server DBMS or MySql DBMS.

Question 18

Types of Database Design

Answer 18

• the creation of the proper structure of:
  a) database tables
  b) the proper relationships between tables
  c) appropriate data constraints, and other structural components of the database.

Question 19

Types of Database Design Process

Answer 19

1) From existing data (Chapters 3 and 4)
– Analyze spreadsheets and other data tables
– Extract data from other databases
– Design using normalization principles

2) New systems development (Chapters 5 and 6)
– Crete data model from application requirements
– Transform data model into database design

Question 20

The Relational Database Model

Answer 20

The dominant database model is the relational database model—all current major DBMS products are based on it.

Question 21

non-relational DBMSs

Answer 21

NoSQL Movement and Big Data

**These do not replace the relational model, but rather
complement it.