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Microbiology > Ch.1 &Ch.3 > Flashcards

Ch.1 &Ch.3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

A

Escherichia coli producing human insulin

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2
Q

Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time?

A

Evolution

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3
Q

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

A

Kingdom

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4
Q

The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.

A

respiratory diseases

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5
Q

Which of the following historical microbiologists is incorrectly paired with his contribution to the science?

A

Louis Pasteur: demonstrated that anthrax was caused by a bacterium

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6
Q

Which scientific name is written correctly?

A

Staphylococcus aureus (I)

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7
Q

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

A

Lack cell structure

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8
Q

Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that _______.

A

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

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9
Q

Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.

A

true

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10
Q

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?

A

Taxonomy

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11
Q

Which of the following is a scientific name?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (I)

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12
Q

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called ______.

A

decomposers

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13
Q

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right).

A

Family, genus, species

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14
Q

The smallest and most significant taxon is a ______.

A

species

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15
Q

When assigning a scientific name to an organism, _______.

A

both genus and species names are italicized or underlined

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16
Q

The incidence of deaths from communicable disease is ______ in the United States compared to the entire world.

A

less

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17
Q

All bacteria and archaea are microorganisms, but only some eukaryotes are microorganisms.

A

true

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18
Q

Eukaryotic cells are larger than bacterial or archaeal cells; all cells are larger than macromolecules. Where do viruses fit on this scale?

A

Viruses are smaller than bacterial or archaeal cells, but larger than macromolecules.

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19
Q

Among these types of microorganisms, the ______ are noncellular.

A

viruses

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20
Q

The majority of oxygen in earth’s atmosphere is a product of photosynthesis by ______.

A

microorganisms

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21
Q

A mnemonic for remembering the taxonomic levels from Domain to Species is “Dear King Phillip Came Over for Good Soup.” The word “came” here is a reminder of the taxonomic level of ______.

A

class

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22
Q

Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

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23
Q

The scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation, called the hypothesis, to account for what has been observed or measured.

A

true

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24
Q

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called ______.

A

genetic engineering

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25
Q

In the experiments constructed by Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation, swan-necked flasks were used. Why was this shape of flask used in this experiment?

A

The glass necks needed to be open to the air, yet constructed so that bacteria would settle in the lowest part of the neck.

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26
Q

Many chronic medical conditions have been found to be associated with microbial agents.

A

true

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27
Q

The sum total of all the microbes in a certain environment is termed the ______.

A

microbiome

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28
Q

Among these types of microorganisms, the ______ are noncellular.

A

Viruses

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29
Q

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A

Viruses

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30
Q

In general, eukaryotic cells are about ______ times larger than bacterial or archaeal cells.

A

10

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31
Q

Disease-causing microorganisms are called ______.

A

pathogens

32
Q

In which way are bacteria and eukaryotes the same?

A

Possess a cell membrane

33
Q

Which of the following is a traditional human use of microorganisms?

A

Baking bread

34
Q

The majority of oxygen in earth’s atmosphere is a product of photosynthesis by ______.

A

microorganisms

35
Q

Studies of the immune response to an infection caused by microorganisms would be performed by a/an _______.

A

immunologist

36
Q

Sterile is best described as ______.

A

absence of any life forms and viral particles

37
Q

Mixed cultures are also referred to as contaminated cultures.

A

False

38
Q

The procedures for culturing a microorganism require the use of a microscope.

A

False

39
Q

The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is ______.

A

inoculation

40
Q

All of the following are examples of different types of microbiological media except ______.

A

Petri dish

41
Q

Which type of microscope shows cells against a white background?

A

Bright-field

42
Q

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed ______.

A

fastidious

43
Q

Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled?

A

A solid medium

44
Q

Following a properly-performed Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria will appear as pink or red cells.

A

False

45
Q

The bending of light rays as they pass from one medium to another is called refraction.

A

True

46
Q

Which type of medium would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria from a clinic to a laboratory for testing?

A

Transport medium

47
Q

The three physical forms of laboratory media are ______.

A

solid, semisolid, and liquid

48
Q

Agar is an important component of media because _______.

A

agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth

49
Q

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A

Petri dish

50
Q

Some microbes are not capable of growing on artificial media as pure cultures.

A

True

51
Q

The Five I’s of studying microorganisms include all of the following except ______.

A

Infection

52
Q

The correct microbiological term for the sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium to produce a culture is ______.

A

inoculum

53
Q

A selective medium contains one or more substances that inhibit growth of some microbes to facilitate the growth of other desired microbes.

A

True

54
Q

Newly inoculated cultures must be _____ at a specific temperature and time to encourage growth.

A

incubated

55
Q

Fixed smears of specimens are required to perform the Gram stain or the endospore stain.

A

True

56
Q

The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually-transmitted infection gonorrhea. Although it can be isolated from the vagina, there are numerous normal biota in that location as well. To generate a pure culture of this pathogenic bacterium, the best choice is a/an ______.

A

selective medium

57
Q

The correct microbiological term for the sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium to produce a culture is ______.

A

inoculum

58
Q

The procedures for culturing a microorganism require the use of a microscope.

A

False

59
Q

Fixed smears of specimens are required to perform the Gram stain or the endospore stain.

A

True

60
Q

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains it with methylene blue. All cells appear blue under the oil immersion lens. This is an example of ______.

A

simple staining

61
Q

The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is ______.

A

Inoculation

62
Q

Newly inoculated cultures must be _____ at a specific temperature and time to encourage growth.

A

incubated

63
Q

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A

The culture was contaminated

64
Q

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A

Scanning electron

65
Q

Mixed cultures are also referred to as contaminated cultures.

A

False

66
Q

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A

Electron

67
Q

The Gram staining procedure is best described as a ______ staining technique.

A

differential

68
Q

Comparing transmission electron microscopy withscanning electron microscopy, the following statement is true.

A

Transmission EM is used for internal detail of cells and subcellular structures

69
Q

Which type of microscope cannot image live specimens?

A

Electron

70
Q

A pure culture contains _______.

A

only one identified species of microorganism

71
Q

Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?

A

Electron

72
Q

A medium that is gel-like has less agar in it compared to a solid medium.

A

True

73
Q

Eosin-methylene blue agar, or EMB, is a commonly used bacteriological medium forgrowing gram-negative bacteria from complex environments. It contains two dyes, eosin and methylene blue, as well as the sugar lactose. Eosin is a pH indicator that changes color when the medium is acidic, while methylene blue inhibits the growth of most gram-positive bacteria. If an organism consumes lactose, acid will be produced, causing the bacterial colonies to change color.

Based upon this description, this medium is ______.

A

differential and selective

74
Q

The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually-transmitted infection gonorrhea. Although it can be isolated from the vagina, there are numerous normal biota in that location as well. To generate a pure culture of this pathogenic bacterium, the best choice is a/an ______.

A

selective medium

75
Q

Following a properly-performed Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria will appear as pink or red cells.

A

False

Microbiology (1 decks)

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