Ch1 Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is Covalent Bonding?
The sharing of electron pairs between atoms
What is Ionic Bonding?
The loss/gain of electrons resulting in electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is Hydrogen Bonding?
The attraction between hydrogen and molecules based on the uneven distribution of changes within a molecule (polar molecule)
What is a Polar Molecule?
A chemical species in which the distribution of electrons between the covalently bonded atoms is not even
What are Monomers?
They are simple molecules that can be linked to form a long chain
What is a Polymer?
A long chain of monomer subunits
What is Polymerisation?
The reaction by which monomers are joined to make a polymer
What are the Monomers of the Polymer, Polysaccharides (cellulose)?
Saccharides (sugar)
What are the Monomers of the Polymer, Polypeptides (proteins)?
Peptides (amino acids)
What are the Monomers of the Polymer, Polynucleotides (RNA)?
Nucleotides
What is a Condensation Reaction?
The formation of polymers, every time a new monomer is attached, a molecule of water is formed
What is a Hydrolysis Reaction?
When polymers are broken down by the addition of water, splitting the molecule into constituent parts (digestive reaction involves hydrolysis)
What are the Reactions between Nucleotides and Polynucleotides (nucleic acids)?
Nucleotides (condensation)> Polynucleotides
Polynucleotides (hydrolysis)> Nucleotides
What are the Reactions between Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides (carbohydrates)?
Monosaccharides (condensation)> Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides (hydrolysis)> Monosaccharides
What are the Reactions between Fatty Acids, Glycerol, and Lipids?
Fatty Acids and Glycerol (condensation)> Lipids
Lipids (hydrolysis)> Fatty Acids and Glycerol
What are the Reactions between Amino Acids and Polypeptides (proteins)?
Amino Acids (condensation)> Polypeptides
Polypeptides (hydrolysis)> Amino Acids
