Ch.1 Basic Chemical Concepts

Question 1

Atmosphere

Answer 1

envelope of gases surrounding the Earth

Question 2

Hydrosphere

Answer 2

water in various forms

Question 3

Lithosphere

Answer 3

Earth crust and upper mantle

Question 4

Biosphere

Answer 4

living organisms

Question 5

Anthrosphere

Answer 5

human-modified environment

Question 6

Environmental Pollution

Answer 6

Environmental pollution is man-made undesirable change in air, land and water which cause harmful effects on human.

Question 7

pollutant

Answer 7

substances at unnatural concentration due to human activity which cause a detrimental affect

Question 8

Contaminant

Answer 8

deviations from normal environmental composition without detrimental effect

Question 9

why hydrogen bonding has stronger intermolecular force than dipole-dipole

Answer 9

h atom has no inner core electrons. Hence, small exposed protons can get close to the negative charge

Question 10

why the density of ice is smaller than water

Answer 10

hydrogen bond in ice gives a structure with ordered. Water molecules have hexagonal arrangement and open cavities.

Question 11

comparer the dispersion forces of long and short molecules

Answer 11

long molecules has stronger dispersion force since it has a greater surface area.

Question 12

formula of n-octanol-water partition coefficient

Answer 12

Kow=Co/Cw

Question 13

what a high Kow indicate lipophilicity

Answer 13

High Kow means High Co which is lipophilic and penetrate membrane, causing bioaccumulate.