CH1

Question 1

Anatomy Specializations

Answer 1

Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)

Microscopic anatomy

Question 2

Anatomist methods of study

Answer 2

Regional: relationships between structures

Systemic: group of structures that perform a specific function

Question 3

Difference between anatomy and physio

Answer 3

Anatomy is about structure

Physiology is about function

Question 4

How are anatomy and physiology related?

Answer 4

Form is closely related to function

Relating the form to the function of the structures is crucial

Question 5

What is physiology?

Specialization?

Answer 5

The study of the chemistry and physics of structures

Ex:neurophysiology

Question 6

Six levels of organization?

Smallest to largest

Answer 6

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism

Question 7

Eleven organ systems of the human body

Answer 7

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular 
Lymphatic 
Respiratory 
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

Question 8

Importance of organization in a human organism?

Answer 8

Distinct internal compartments so that the intercellular environment is separated from the extracellular environment

Question 9

Metabolism vs anabolism vs catabolism

Answer 9

Anabolism: simple molecules combined to form larger substances

Catabolism: larger substances broken down into simpler molecules

Metabolism is the sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions

Question 10

Human Responsiveness is?

Answer 10

The ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environment

ie: moving toward sources of nutrients

Question 11

Human movement is?

Answer 11

Motion of joints, organs, and individual cells.

Question 12

What is growth?

Answer 12

Increase in body size

Question 13

What is development (also differentiation)?

Answer 13

Development is the changes the body goes through in life

Differentiation: unspecialized cells become specialized

Question 14

Importance of oxygen to human survival?

Answer 14

Oxygen facilitates ATP reactions

To “feed” the Brain

Question 15

Nutrients

Answer 15

Water
Energy-yielding nutrients
And body building nutrients

Question 16

Why does extreme temperatures threaten human survival?

Answer 16

Chemical reactions in the body only take place in a certain narrow range of body temperature

Question 17

Pressure in relation to human survival?

Answer 17

Inhibits our ability to breathe
Keeps gasses in bloodstream in the blood

Think Mount Everest

Question 18

Homeostasis and why it matters

Answer 18

Homeostasis regulates bodies set point for various variables within normal ranges to ensure proper functioning of the body

Question 19

Negative feedback and positive feedback with examples

Answer 19

Negative feedback: reverses a deviation from the set point
Keeps body’s parameters within normal range
ie: body temp exceeds 98.6 leads to sweating to cool down to homeostasis levels

Positive feedback:intensifies a change in the body

ie: childbirth and bloodloss

Question 20

Three planes used?

Answer 20

Sagittal: divides organism or organ vertical left to right

Frontal: divides into anterior and posterior

Transverse: divides horizontally into upper and lower portions

Question 21

What is a serious membrane?

Answer 21

One of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 22

Uses and drawbacks of XRay

Answer 22

Used to visualize hard body structures ie: teeth and bones

Drawbacks: capable of damaging cells and lead to cancer

Question 23

4 modern medical imaging techniques

Answer 23

Computed tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Ultrasonography