Ch.1 Flashcards
Immunology
study of physiological mechanisms used to defend body from a pathogen
Defense cells are
T and B cells
T cells core is
the adaptive immunity
T cells are
WBC, leukocytes out to destroy invadors
TCR
T cell receptor
Two types of T cells
T cells and cytotoxic T cells
What form the immune system?
T and B cells
Do T & B cells change for the receptor ?
Yes
Adaptive immunity is
Protective
Does Adaptive immunity Take time to develop?
Yes super slow but flexible
What cells are part of the adaptive immunity system?
T & B cells (small)
Within adaptive immunity do micro organism rapidly multiply?
Yes
Pathogen seeing for the first time is in
Adaptive immunity
How long does it take for the depth of immunity to start up
seven days
Does adaptive immunity have control
Yes they have control but no clearing
Does adaptive immunity have a high specificity for antigens
Yes
Adaptive immunity has how many OD receptors
1 OD receptor
Is innate immunity fixed
Yes
Does the innate immune response have memory
No
The innate immune response has a little start up time
True
What does the innate immune response do to the invader
Works to clear invader
Is the innate immune response the first internal response
True
What is the purpose of the innate cells in the adaptive immune response
To activate the adaptive immune response
With out innate Immune response there is have no control
True
What cell is in the innate immune response
Nk
There is a rise to acute inflammatory in the innate immune response
True
Recognition and recruitment of effect mechanisms are included in what immune response
Innate immune response
The human pathogen does what
Cause disease
There are more microbes than what
Eukaryotic cells
Microbes survive on what
On animals and plant products
Microbes release what
Digestive enzymes
Microbes grow on what
On living tissue extra cellular and showered in nutrients
Microbes infect what
intra-Cellular microbes
Microbes utilize what
Host cells sources
Microbes are harmless and helpful
True example E. coli
Is there a constant battle between invading microbes and the immune system
True
What is protective immunity
When the person survive an infection in our immune
What is the first step to provide protective immunity
The immune system must engage the micro organisms
How do you the protective immunity provided protection
Through vaccination
What is the last time between infection and protection
Seven days
What happens when the pathogens antigens do not change
This means there is protection
Vaccination is what
The injection of an antigen, protection given before destroyed
430 BC Thucydides
Recovered from the plague could nurse to sick
15th century Chinese and Turks
Induce immunity through the use of dried crust from smallpox pustules
Variolation
Method used to prevent people from smallpox by infecting them through skin from mild patients
1796 Edward Jenner milkmaids
He noticed
•milkmaids who got cowpox could not get smallpox
•tested on an eight-year-old
•using cowpox pustules would bring immunity to smallpox
•origin
Cowpox vaccina
Protection from smallpox call vaccination
What is a pathogen
Organism able to cause harm
Influenza
Is the flu which is a viral infection
Opportunistic pathogen’s
Site of opportunity
Enters when week
into part of body not found normally
most are normal flora
How does it become opportunistic
Immune compromised
Example ; gut
Four types of pathogens are
Bacteria
viruses
fungi
parasites
One bacteria pathogen
Salmonella enteritidis: food poisoning
Gram + microbacterium tuberculosis
Example of viruses
Variola: smallpox
Influenza : flu
HIV: aids
Fungi example
Candida albicans: thrush, systemic candidiasis
Parasite example
Protozoa: tcypanosoma brucei
Sleeping sickness
