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physics gcse > ch1 > Flashcards

ch1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be stored or transferred , it can be useful or wasted

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2
Q

how can energy be transferred

A
  • by heating
  • mechanically (by force)
  • electrically
  • radiation
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3
Q

what is dissipated

A

spread out to the surroundings

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4
Q

what is work done

A

the amount of energy transferred when a force causes something to be dissipated or move

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5
Q

what is kinetic energy abd some examples

A

the energy of a moving object e.g runners , busses

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6
Q

what is magnetic every and down examples

A

the energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart

e.g compasses, fridge magnets

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7
Q

what is thermal energy and some examples

A

the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object- in most cases this is the vibrations . i’m hotter objects the particles have more internal energy and vibrate faster

e.g human bodies, hot coffees, stove or hobs

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8
Q

what is gravitation potential energy and some examples

A

the energy of an object at height

e.g planes, kites

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9
Q

what is chemical energy and some examples

A

the energy stored in chemical bonds such as those between molecules

e.g foods , muscles , batteries

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10
Q

what is nuclear energy and how can it b released and what are some examples of nuclear energy

A

the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom it can be released by radioactive decay

e.g nuclear power station or nuclear reactors

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11
Q

what is elastic energy and some examples

A

the energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed

e.g springs, inflated balloons, drawn catapults

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12
Q

formula for work done

A

work done = force x distance

force measured in newton’s
distance measures in meters

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13
Q

what is energy measured in

A

Joules

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14
Q

what is gravitational field strength

A

the force that pulls everything to the center of the earth (9.8N/kg)

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15
Q

what does work done when an object moves up or down depend on

A
  • how far it has moved vertically

- it’s weight

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16
Q

what is weight

A

weight is the force of attraction to the center of the earth

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17
Q

what is mass

A

the amount of matter

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18
Q

what is mass measured in

A

KG

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19
Q

what is weight measured in

A

newton’s

20
Q

what is normally dissipated (2)

A

light radiation sound radiation

21
Q

what is power measured in

A

watts

22
Q

definition of power

A

power is that RATE at which energy is used or supplied. the more powerful an appliance is,the faster the rate at which is transfers energy

23
Q

how many watts in 1KW

A

1000 Watts

24
Q

what is 1 watt equal to in transferring joules

A

1 watt is = to the rate of transferring 1 joules of energy in one second

25
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1KG if a substance by 1 degrees c

26
Q

what materials are good insulators

A

good insulators are materials that have low thermal conductivity so energy transfer through them is as low as possible

27
Q

energy transfer per second through material depends on?

A
  • temp difference across the material
  • thickness of material
  • thermal conductivity of metal
28
Q

to reduce the energy transfer as much as possible the:

A
  • thermal conductivity should be as low as possible

- thickness of material should be as thick as possible

29
Q

what can geothermal energy do to heat energy

A

can turn heat energy from the earth into electrical energy

30
Q

what is hydroelectric energy

A

water flowing is kinetic energy , we turn this into electrical for our home

31
Q

how is energy transferred using mechanical work

A

a force moving an object through a distance

32
Q

how is energy transferred through electrical work

A

charges moving due to a potential difference

33
Q

how is energy transferred through heating

A

due to temperature difference caused electrically or by chemical reaction

34
Q

how is energy transferred through radiation

A

energy transferred as a wave, eg lucnt and infrared lint radiation and infrared radiation are emitted from sun

35
Q

examples of dissipation (2)

A

electrical cables warming up behind a tv as it is not uselfuk to have hot wires as berry is dissipated unto surrounding air

energy is usually lost by heating up surroundings thought sometimes energy is dissipated as sound waves

36
Q

what is the internal store of energy

A

the sum of the kinetic energy stored in the particles of an object and the chemical energy stored in chemical bonds between particles in an object

37
Q

how is more work done

A
  • push with the same force for a longer distance

- push with a larger force for the same distance

38
Q

what is the work done by a force equal to

A

the change in energy

39
Q

what is lubrication

A

reduces frictional forces , can reduce the friction between the surfaces of objects that are rubbing together they are normally liquids

40
Q

equation for power and work done

A

power (watts)= work done (j) divided by time (seconds, t)

41
Q

how do we reduce unwanted energy transfer

A
  • thermal insulation (reduces heat loss by having thicker material or with a lower thermal conductivity )
  • lubrication (reduces the friction between surfaces of objects that are rubbing together )
42
Q

disadvantage of geothermal energy

A

can only be used where there is volcanic activity close to the surface

43
Q

advtange of geothermal energy

A

renewable

reliable

44
Q

how to convert geothermal energy to electrical energy

A

magma heats rocks

hot rocks transfer heat to water in pipes

a turbine is rotated

the turbine rotated a generator

45
Q

how can we think of storing energy

A

a bank account

you can earn money by doing work and then save it until there is something you won’t
you then transfer it to another person to buy whatever it is you want

physics gcse (5 decks)

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