Ch1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is critical thinking
A
judicious reasoning about what to believe and, therefore, what to do.” (Tittle, 4)
- Judicious
- -Deliberate
- –Intentional, responsible
- -Thorough
- –Appreciating depth, breadth, complexities
- A SKILL
- -Must be practiced
- Judgmental
- -Evaluating based on standards (deductive, inductive)
2
Q
What is critical thinking not?
A
Always negative Passive -Strengthening and defending, not just judging Always adversarial -Can be collaborative Cold and unfeeling Just intuitive -Not just “common sense”
3
Q
Why is CT Important?
A
Having justified, defensible beliefs -Reasons, evidence Enables independent thought -Your own reasons -Less vulnerable to manipulation and trends Resolving disagreement Vs. emotion, intuition, and faith…
4
Q
What arguments are not:
A
●Abuse
●Just contradiction
5
Q
What they are:
A
●“A connected series of statements intended to establish a proposition
6
Q
What are two parts of arguments?
A
●1. conclusion – the point, or claim the author is trying to defend
●2. premise(s) – the evidence or reasons offered to support the claim
7
Q
Conclusion markers:
A
●So, hence, thus, therefore, it follows that, consequently
8
Q
•Premise Markers:
A
●Since, because, given that, for
9
Q
Standard Form:
A
Identify premises
•List with #s
•Draw a line
•List conclusion
•Example: P1) This textbook will be used in class. P2) It contains homework exercises. C) So, you really do need to buy it. STANDARD FORM (p. 26)
10
Q
Unstated Premesis
A
-More difficult •Too obvious – “assumptions” •Must be included to make the argument complete •Sometimes need to be questioned ●Unwarranted assumptions
