Ch.1 醫學免疫學緒論 Flashcards

1
Q

現代免疫概念

A

免疫是機體識「自己」和「非己」,對「非己」產生免疫應答加以清除,對「自己」產生免疫耐受的一種生理功能。

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2
Q

免疫系統的功能

A
  1. 免疫防御
  2. 免疫自穩
  3. 免疫監視
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3
Q

T-細胞和B-細胞的出世位置

A

骨髓

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4
Q

T細胞發育的地方

A

胸腺

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5
Q

人类B细胞分化成熟的场所是

A

骨髓

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6
Q

免疫原性手

A

即能刺激特定的免疫細胞,使之活化、増殖、分化,最終產生免疫效應物質的特性

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7
Q

免疫球蛋白主要功能

A
  1. 激活補體
  2. 結合細胞表面Fc受體
  3. 通過胎盤和黏膜
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8
Q

免疫球蛋白分为

A

5类:IgM,IgD,IgG,IgA和IgE

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9
Q

免疫球蛋白的结构基本结构

A

由两条相同的重链和两条相同的轻链通过二硫键连接而成的四肽链结构。

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10
Q

免疫系統的功能

A
  1. 免疫防御
  2. 免疫自穩
  3. 免疫監視
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11
Q

免疫系統的組成

A
  1. 免疫系統(中樞免疫器官&外周免疫器官)
  2. 免疫細胞
  3. 免疫分子
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12
Q

免疫细胞发生、分化、成熟的场所是

A

胸腺和骨髓

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13
Q

免疫自稳功能是指

A

防止自身免疫病发生

清除体内衰老、损伤或死亡的细胞

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14
Q

反应原性/抗原性

A

即可與相應的免疫效應物質發生特異性結合的特性

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15
Q

同种异型抗原

A

在同一种属不同个体之间所存在的抗原。

常见的有:a/红细胞血型抗原 b/人类白细胞抗原 c/独特型抗原

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16
Q

抗体(Ab)

A

是當機體受到抗原物質刺激後,由B淋巴细胞转化为浆细胞后所产生,并能与相应抗原特异性结合、具有免疫功能的免疫球蛋白。

17
Q

抗原前一种性能

A

免疫原性

18
Q

抗原后一种性能称为

A

反应原性/抗原性

19
Q

抗原的概念

A

是一类能刺激机体免疫系统产生特异性免疫应答、并能与应答产物(抗体和/或效应淋巴细胞)在体内或体外发生特异性结合的物质。

20
Q

自身抗原

A

能引起免疫應答的自身成分