Ch1&20 Flashcards
“Skin” hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands are called
Integumentary system
206 bones and joints are classified as the
Skeletal system
Attached to the bonds and produce movement of the skeleton is called
Muscular system
The brain, spinal cord, and nerves make up this complex system by which the body is controlled and coordinated is called
Nervous system
What system includes special sense organs: eyes, ears, taste buds, and organs of smell. General senses pain and touch
Nervous system
Scattered organs known as endocrine glands that are grouped together Bc they share a similar function is called
Endocrine system
The heart and blood vessels make up the system by pumping blood to all the body tissues bringing with it nutrients oxygen and other needed substances is called
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic vessels assist in circulation by returning fluids from tissues to the blood makes up what
Lymphatic system
What system holds these organs: tonsils, thymus, and spleen, play a role in immunity protecting against disease
Lymphatic system
Includes the lungs and the passages leading to and from the lungs is called
respiratory system
What system takes in air and conducts it to areas in the lungs designed for gas exchange is
Respiratory system
The system that converts food into a form that body cells can use is what
Digestive system
What system contains: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas is
Digestive system
To rid waste products and excess water is what system
Urinary system
Includes the external sex organs and all related internal structures that are concerned with the product of offspring is what system
Reproductive system
Conditions such as body temp, volume and composition of body fluids, blood concentrations,and blood pressure must remain within a somewhat narrow range, known as a set point if we are to stay healthy… OVERALL STEADY STATE WITHIN THE ORGANISM is called
Homeostasis
Includes all the body fluids outside the cells is called
Extracellular fluid
Fluid contained inside of the cells is called
Intracellular fluids
The main method for maintaining homeostasis is called
Negative feedback
A system that keeps the body conditions within a set normal range by reversing any upward or downward shift is called
Negative feedback
All the life sustaining reactions that occur within the body systems together make up what
Metabolism
Complex substances are BROKEN DOWN into simpler compounds is called
Catabolism
The energy obtained from catabolism of nutrients is used to form a compound described as the cells “energy currency” is called
Adenosine Triphosphate
Simple compounds are used to manufacture materials needed for GROWTH function and tissue repair is called
Anabolism
Standing upright with face front and arms at the sides with Palms forward and feet parallel is called
Anatomic position
Term meaning above, or in a higher position is called
Superior
Means below, or lower.
The heart is superior to the intestine
Inferior
What two have the same meaning in humans; located toward the belly surface or front of the body is
Anterior and ventral
What two refer to locations nearer the back
Posterior and dorsal
Means nearer to an imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body dividing it into right and left portions is called
Medial
Means farther away from midline toward the side is called
Lateral
Means nearer to the origin or attachment point of a structure is called
Proximal
Means farther from attachment point is called
Distal
If a cut were made in the line with ears then down the middle of the body you would see an anterior and ventral section another word for it is coronal plane
Frontal plane
Separating into right and left portions is called
Sagittal plane
Cut horizontally across the other two planes and would divide the body into superior and inferior parts is called
Transverse
Mean any two dimensional view of an internal structure obtained by imagine is called
Cross section
Dorsal has two subdivisions what are they?
Cranial cavity and spinal cavity
What cavity contains the brain
Cranial cavity
What cavity encloses the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
The thoracic cavity is _____ to the diaphragm
Superior
The space BETWEEN the lungs including the organs and vessels contained in that space is called
Mediastinum
Between the lungs but does not contain them is called what
Mediastinum
The abdominopelvic is ______ to the diaphragm
Inferior
Contains the stomach most of the intestine, the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas and the spleen is what cavity
Abdominal cavity
______ is located inferior to the breastbone
Epigastric region
_______ region is around the umbilicus commonly known as navel
Umbilical region
_____ region is the most inferior of all the midline regions
Hypogastric
Just inferior to the ribs is what region
Hypochondriac
What region is in the level with the lumbar regions of the spine
Lumbar regions
Named for the upper crest of the hip bone and groin region, respectively is what region
Illiac or inguinal regions
The system of glands that produce hormones is called
Endocrine system
The outermost body system is called
Integumentary system
The system that converts food into a form that body cells can use is what
Digestive system
The system that brings needed substances to the body tissues is called
Cardiovascular system
System that uses electrical signals to control and coordinate other systems is what
Nervous system
Which science studies normal body structure?
Anatomy
Where is the intracellular fluid located?
Inside body cells
What is the main way of regulating homeostasis?
Negative feedback
What cavity contains the mediastinum
Thoracic
In location, the ankle is ____ to the knee
Distal
A plane that divides the body into right and left portions is
Sagittal plane
The most inferior midline region of the abdomen is the
Hypogastric region
The simplest forms of life, one celled organisms, usually need no partner to reproduce they simply divide by themselves they are called
Asexual
Most animals and humans are ____ in reproduction
Sexual
Specialized sex cells are called what
Gametes
Another name for gametes is
Germ cells
Gametes have half as many chromosomes as any other cell true or false
True
Reduction revision of gametes, reducing the number of chromosomes is called
Meiosis
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number in the cell from -
46-21
The primary reproductive organs are what ___ they produce gametes and manufacture hormones
Gonads or sex glands
The male gonad is
Testes
The female gonad is
Ovary
The accessory organs include a series of ___ that transport gametes as well as exocrine glands is called
Ducts
The male reproductive system functions to manufacture what
Spermatozoa
Know the five levels of organization
- Chemicals
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ system
What means “skin” hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands
Integumentary system
What type of muscle is in the walls of blood vessels
Smooth muscle
What muscle constitutes the bulk of the heart wall
Cardiac muscle
What system contains the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Urinary system
Overall steady state within an organism is
Homeostasis
A body fluid that bathes the cells, carries nutrients to and from the cells and transports some substances into and out of the cells is
Extracellular fluid
Fluid contained inside of the cell is
Intracellular fluid
In negative feedback
A ____ gathers info about a given body condition
Sensor
In negative feedback
A___ compares the sensor and sends a corrective signal if necessary
Control center
In negative feedback a ___ responds to a signal
Effector
The normal body temp is
37C or 98.7 F
What is the “energy currency”
ATP
Secretes mucas to lubricate is what gland
Bulbourethral gland
The penis is spongy tissue containing blood vessels true or false
True
Where the Blood vessels are located is called
Corpus cavernosum
What part contains the urethra
Corpus spongiosum
What is it called if you are not circumcised
Phimosis
Initiated by the reflex of the spinal cord to do what
Ejaculation
What is foreskin called
Prepuce
The ____ are located outside of the body in the scrotum
Testes
The ____ and ____ make up the external male genitalia
Penis and scrotum
The testes deliver spermatozoa into a greatly foiled tube called the
Epididymis
The ____ is located on the surface of the testes
Epididymis
The epididymis extends upward as the
Ductus deferens also called vas deferens
The uterus superior portion rests in the upper surface of what
The urinary bladder
The inferior portion of the uterus is embedded in the pelvic floor between the ____&_____
Bladder and rectum
The wider upper part of the uterus is also called the
Body
The small rounded region above the level of the tubal entrances is the
Fundus
The _____ ______ is a small muscular structure extends from the uterus to a point NEAR the ovary also called Fallopian tubes or oviducts
Uterine tubes
The muscular wall of the uterus is called
Myometrium
The lining of the uterus is a specialized epithelium known as
Endometrium
There are no direct connection of the ovary and uterine tube
True
Small fringelike extensions of the tubes opening that create currents in the peritoneal fluid sweep ovum to into the uterine tube is called
Fimbriae
What is an arrhythmic contraction called
Peristosis
What permits enlargement of the vagina in childbirth intercourse and menses
Rugae
A fold of the membrane is called
Hymen
At the opening of the vagina there are two vestibular glands called
Bartholin glands
Vestibular glands secrete into the area near the vaginal opening known as the
Vestibule
The ovaries descend but only in what location of the body
Pelvic
What is the term for “first menses”
Menarche
What is it called when mensuration ceases all together
Menopause
What is it called when you do not have menses
Amenorrhea
What hormone produces eggs
LH
What two hormones is involved in the female reproduction and comes from the pituitary gland by the hypothalamus
LH & FSH
What is it called to release from the gamete from the ovary
Ovulation
Preovulation is before day ___
14
The time period between mensuration and ovulation is known as
Proliferative phase
LH also means your going to
Ovulate
LH transforms the ruptured hair follicle into a small mass called
Corpus luteum
What structure secretes progesterone and estrogen that promotes survival of a fertilized ovum
Corpus luteum
Gametes go through a special cell division called
Meiosis
Where do spermatozoa begin their development
In tiny coiled seminiferous tubuals
An ovum matures in a small fluid filled cluster of cells called the
Ovarian follicle
The substance that transports sperm through the urethra is
Semen
A hormone released by the pituitary gland that promotes follicular development in the ovary is
FSH
A grooming released by developing follicles that promote thickening of the endometrium is called
Estrogen
What is the fluid between cells called
Interstitial
Where is glucagon present (what organ)
Pancreas
Your BLOOD SUGAR secretes what to rise blood sugar levels
Glucagon
What intensifies a response
Positive feedback
Something outside that stops a response is called
External break
Groups of different tissue working together for the same general purpose is called
Organs
The nose is ____ to the eyes
Medial
In the openi case study mikes intra abdominal hemorrhage is in the ____ body cavity
Ventral
Passage way for expelling blood and tissue every month for a female is
Vagina
The yellow body in the female after ovulation is
Corpus ludeum
Tubular passageway for semen containing sperm is
Ductus deferens, vas deferens
Parts of the female genitalia are
Clitoris, labia Minora, labia majora, and mons Pubis
Sperm mature in a tightly coiled tube called the
Epididymis
Where do sperm develop
Seminiferous tubules
Muscular out pouches produce an alkaline secretion for semen is called
Seminal vesicles
Structure beneath bladder that produces alkaline substance for semen and extracts expelling semen is
Prostate gland
Males and female have the same number of gonads and that number is
2
Living thing or a being is called a
Organism
Basic unit of life is
Cells
Similar cells working working together are called
Tissue
Internal balance
Homeostasis
Blood and lymph are what fluid
Extracellular
Cytosol is what kind of fluid
Intracellular
Midline of the body is called
Mid sagittal-medial
Toward the head is called
Superior
Toward back
Dorsal
Toward front
Ventral
Close to point of origin
Proximal
Birth canal is what part of female
Vagina
The womb is what organ
Uterus
Location of fertilization
Fallopian tubes
