CH1-2 Flashcards
anatomy
the study of structure
physiology
the study of function or structures in motion.
Pathology
the study of disease processes that affect anatomy & physiology.
Neurology
the study of anatomy & physiology and pathology of the nervous system.
neuroanatomy
the study of the nervous systems structure
neurophysiology
the study of how neurons function
neuropathology
the study of diseases of the nervous system
Neurological Disorder
a disease of nervous system that impairs a person’s health.
neuroscience
the study of the nervous system.
Neurosurgery
the removal or repair of structures that impair normal nervous system functioning
Neuroradiology
the use of radiation therapy for nervous system tumors
Neuroembryology
normal and pathological development of the nervous system
human nervous system components
brain, spinal cord, nerves
neural plasticity
the adaptive capacity of the human brain, meaning the brain is always changing, rewriting itself in response to external and internal influencers
5 principles of neuroplasticity
- use it or lose it
- use it and improve it
- age matters
- time matters
- repetition matters
WHO
World Health Organization
ICF
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, & Health: lays out a broad framework of health
(ICD-10)
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems is a system for diseases
Localization
mental functions localized in the brain
phrenology
the study of the skull
Holism
mental functions occur across the whole brain and cannot be broken down into specific areas
Connectionism
bridges the gap between the localization and holism
Structural imaging
viewing the anatomy of the brain
Functional imaging
viewing the physiology of the brain
CT scan
Computed or computerized tomography
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
Angiography
- Method of imaging the structure of the vascular system
- Iodine injected into this system
- X-rays used to image the vascular system
Spatial Resolution
The location of brain activity when a stimulus is introduced
Temporal Resolution
The time between a stimulus being presented and the brain’s response to that stimulus
PET
Positron emission tomography
EEG
Electroencephalography
fMRI
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
3 theories on how the brain works
- Localization (phrenology- study of the skull)- mental functions localized in the brain
- Holism- mental functions occur across the whole brain and cannot be broken down into specific areas
- Connectionism- bridges the gap between the localization and holism
Paul Broca
left frontal portion of the brain. This area is still known today as Broca’s area. Because of Broca’s work, we know that this area of the brain is a key area in production of speech.
Karl Wernike
the left posterior portion of the brain responsible for understanding language. This area became known as Wernicke’s area.
Postmortem Dissection
when researchers study the physical brain of a person who displayed a particular behaviour while they were alive that suggested possible brain damage.
World Health Organizations international classification of functioning, disability, and health
(ICF) a framework for describing and organizing information on functioning and disability. It provides a standard language and a conceptual basis for the definition and measurement of health and disability.
