ch.1 Flashcards
what is anatomy
study of structure and form
what is physiology
study of the function of the body parts
body’s levels of organization(with example)
atom(O,H)
molecule(H2O)
macromolecule(protein, DNA)
organelle(mitochondria)
cells(RBC)
tissue(epithelial)
organ(liver)
system(digestive)
Components and Functions of the: Integumentary
skin, hair, nails, glands
protection, regulate body temp, synthesize Vitamin D
Components and Functions of the: skeletal system
bones
support and protection, site of hemopoiesis, store calcium
Components and Functions of the: muscular system
muscles
body movement, generate heat
Components and Functions of the: nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves
regulate muscles and some glands, sensory reception
Components and Functions of the: endocrine system
glands
secrete hormones, maintain homeostasis
Components and Functions of the: cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessels
moves blood through the body, transport gases, nutrients, and wastes
Components and Functions of the: lymphatic system
thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
transports lymph and participates in immunity
Components and Functions of the: respiratory system
nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs
exchange of gases between blood and air
Components and Functions of the: urinary
kidney, ureter, urinary bladder urethra
filters blood to remove wastes and forms urine
Components and Functions of the: digestive system
mouth, esophogus, liver, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients, and expels wastes
Components and Functions of the: reproductive
male: testis, ductus, deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, penis
produce sperm and testosterone, transfer sperm to female
female:ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina
produce oocytes and estrogen/progesterone, fertilization of oocyte and development of fetus
Anatomic position
a. an individual standing upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor
b. upper limbs at the sides of the body
c. palms facing anteriorly
d. head is level
e. eyes look forward
what is a section
a cut or slice to expose internal anatomy
what is a plane
imaginary flat surface passing through the body
coronal plane(frontal plane)
vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts
transverse plane(horizontal plane)
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
midsagittal plane(median plane)
vertical plane that divides the body into left and right halves
sagittal plane
divides the body into left and right portions that are not equal
oblique plane
pass through the body at an angle
axial region
head, neck, and trunk (forms vertical AXIS of the body)
appendicular region
upper and lower limbs
Cephalic(head)
frontal
orbital
buccal
nasal
oral
mental
cranial
occipital
auricular
thoracic
axillary
mammary
pectoral
sternal
abdominal
abdomen
pelvic
coxal
inguinal
cranial cavity
contains the brain
vertebral canal
contain spinal cord
ventral cavity
divided into the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity by the diaphragm
Parietal layer
lines the body wall
visceral layer
lines the organs
Serous cavity/fluid
the potential space between the parietal and visceral layers is called the sc and it contains fluid called sf to help with lubrication
Mediastinum
contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels connected to the heart
abdominal cavity
contains most of the digestive system organs, the kidneys, and most if the ureters
pelvic cavity
contains the distal part of the large intestine, the rest of the ureters, the bladder, and the internal reproductive organs
serous peritonuem
lines the abdominal cavity
homeostasis
maintenance of consistent internal environment within an organism
responds to changes in internal and external conditions
maintaining body temp, heart rate, blood glucose, oxygen
receptor
detect change in a variable
stimulus
change in the variable
