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BTMA 331 > Ch1 > Flashcards

Ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

database

A

organized collection of logically related data

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2
Q

data

A

unstructured and structed reresentation of objects and events that have meaning and importance

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3
Q

Info

A

data that has been processed to increase knowledge of the person who uses the data

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4
Q

metadata?

A

data about data!!!

data item: course
metadata: type, length, description, source, data defintions

JUST NOT LOCATION ON DISK

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5
Q

cons of traditional file processing systems like excel

A
  1. program-data dependance: The close relationship between data stored in files and the software programs that update and maintain those files. Any change in data organization or format requires a change in all the programs associated with those files.
  2. duplication
  3. limited sharing
  4. long dev tie: forced to start from scratch every time
  5. lots of maintenance
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6
Q

solution of traaditional processing systems?

A

DBMS

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7
Q

Data model

two types

A

graphical systems used to caputre the nature and relationships among data

  1. ent dm: high level ent and elaitonships for org
  2. project dm: more detailed view (matching data structure or data warehouse)
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8
Q

relational db

A

db that reps data as a collection of tables where relationships are reped by comm vals in related tables

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9
Q

DBMS

A

software system that enables use of database aproach

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10
Q

pros of db approach

A
  1. program data independance! data idescriptions are stored in the REPOSITORY. separate from application programs using the data
  2. planned redundnacy: redundancy only when helpful
  3. improved conssistency
  4. improved data sharing: db is designed as a shared user resources and several usr views allowed
  5. more productivity, beter standards, better quality of data
  6. improved data accesibility and responsiveness, reudced mmaitnenance, increased decision support
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11
Q

user viewq

A

a logical descirptiono of some portion of db that is reuqired by a user to perform a ta

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12
Q

constarnt

A

rule tat cant be violated by db users

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13
Q

costs and risks of db approach

A

1, new specialized personnel
2. installation and management cost
3. conversion costs
4. need for explciti backup and recovry
5. org conflict

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14
Q

9 elements of database envrionment

A
  1. Data modelling and design tools: sw tools that create data models (CENTRE LEFT)
  2. repository: Central base for all data (BOTTOM ELFt)
  3. DBMS: create maintian provide controlled access to user databases (CENTRE BOTTOM)
  4. Database: org collection of lofically related data (BOTTOM RIGHT)
  5. APP programs: CREATE and maintain DB (coomunicate info to users) (CENTRE RIGHT)
  6. UI: Centre middle
  7. Data and DB admin: top left- databse designers
  8. System devs: top centre- design applications
  9. End users: top right- users who add delete etc data
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15
Q

DB dev rpocess

A
  1. enterpreise data modelling (first step where the scope and general contents of org db is specified)
  2. implement SDLC:

a. Planning (ent modelling) for prelim understanding

b. Analysis (concepual data modelling):requirements analysis & structuring (THIS IS WHERE THE CONEPTUAL DATA MODEL IS CREATED!)
-> EVERY ATTRIBUTE IS DEFINED! EVERY CATEGORY OF DATA LISTED

c. Design (logical db design-> LOGICAL SCHEA, physical db design-> PHYSICAL SCHEMA)
-»>Logical: info requriements and structure
-»»Physical: develop tech an dorg specs
how is logical schema stored in secondary memory?

d. Implementation (DB imp) program test install

e. Maintenance: monitor repair enhance

PALPIM

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16
Q

ALTERNATIVE TO SDLC

A

rad methods, like prototypig (iterrative process of sd where requirements are converted to working system that is revised consistently)

16
Q

agile software dev

A

approach to db focused on individuals an dinteractons over processes and tools

16
Q

CONCEPTUAL
LOGICAL
PHYSICAL

DEFINE THESE SCEMAS

A

C: detailed tech ind specification of the overall structure of org data

L: rep of a db for particular dm tech

p: specs for how data is stored in computers secondary emmory

17
Q

3 schemas

A

external: view of database users (comb of ent dms(top down) or detailed user views(bottom up)

conceptual: ERD MODELS

internal: logical and physical schema

18
Q

business analysts: analyze the business situation and develop detailed system and program specifications for projects. *

Systems analysts: specify computer systems requirements

Database analysts and data modelers: determining the requirements and design for the database component of the information system.

Users: provide assessments of their information needs and monitor that the developed system meets their needs.

  • Programmers: design and write computer programs that have commands to maintain and access data in the database embedded in them.

Database architects: These individuals establish standards for data in business units, striving to attain optimum data location, currency, and quality. *

Data administrators: ensure consistency and integrity across databases, and as experts on database technology, they provide consulting and training to other project team members.

Project managers : oversee assigned projects, including team composition, analysis, design, implementation, and support of projects.

A
19
Q

typical functions of dbms

-> data storage managemet
-> manipulation mgmt
-> def services

A

storage mgmt: manages permanent storage of data

manipulation mgmt: can retrieve update and delte existing data

def services: accepts data definitons like external conceptual and internal schema

20
Q

typical functions of dbms

-> dictionary/systems catalogue mgmt
-> db comm ints
-> auth/sec mgmt

A

dictionary catalog: description of data items are stored and are accessible

db comms: comm messages

auth: protects db against unauth access

21
Q

typical functions of dbms

-> backup
-> concurrnecy
-> transaction
-> db access

A

backup: backup

concerrucn: consistent state of presenvation

transaction: idates abotu a transaction are made

access: access via swl

22
Q

what are two compoennnts of a query language

A

data def language, data manipulation langugage

23
Q

what is a schema in swl?

A

logical container/namespace that holds and organizes db objects like tables/views

log contain- allows to group related objectis and apply permissons at the schema level as opposed to individual
namepsace: allowing duplicated names

24
Q

3 types of databases

A

personal db: typical size in the megabyets, usually intended for 1 user

departmental multi tiered client: typically gigagbyter, users 1-100

ent apps: giga,tera, or petabyets, company wide

25
Q

primary purposes of dbma

A

updating,creating, storing data

26
Q

is data structured in big data systems

A

no! unstructred

27
Q

schema on write

A

determine structure of data and relations b/w elements right before or at time of use

28
Q

data model

A

grahical system used to capute the nations and relaitnships among dats

29
Q

WHAT IS PROGRAM DATA DEENDANCE CAUSED BY

A

file descriptions being stroed in each db aplication

30
Q

The SDLC phase in which the detailed conceptual data model is created is the ________ phase.

A

ANALYSIS

31
Q

Specifying how data from a logical schema are stored in secondary memory is part of the:

A

DESIGN

BTMA 331 (8 decks)

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